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1 | |
The quantity of energy is constantly increasing as the universe continues to expand. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | |
The Second Law of Thermodynamics concerns the amount of energy in the universe. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | |
The universe is constantly becoming more disordered. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | |
The three parts of an ATP molecule are a ribose sugar, and adenine molecule and three phosphate groups. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | |
When the terminal phosphate group is broken off of an ATP molecule a significant quantity of energy is absorbed. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | |
The step that occurs before respiration takes place is called fermentation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | |
The three-dimensional surface on an enzyme to which the reactant binds is called the ___________. |
| | A) | substrate-complex site. |
| | B) | specific site. |
| | C) | active site. |
| | D) | reactive site. |
| | E) | reactive area. |
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8 | |
Coenzymes are |
| | A) | metallic side-groups associated with all enzymes. |
| | B) | metallic side-groups associated with nonprotein enzymes. |
| | C) | nonprotein, organic molecules that act as cofactors. |
| | D) | nonprotein reactants. |
| | E) | the product of enzyme catalysis. |
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9 | |
It is a spectacular fall day in New England. The leaves are red, orange, and yellow. The reason for this incredible display of color is |
| | A) | the frost causes the chlorophyll to change color. |
| | B) | plants do not produce chlorophyll in the cool weather so it no longer masks the carotenoid pigments. |
| | C) | the cool temperatures cause the chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments to react with each other forming new pigment colors. |
| | D) | rhodoposin pigments are manufactured in the cooler temperatures and mask the chlorophyll pigments. |
| | E) | as the leaves die proteins in their cells change to the variety of colors typical of a fall day in New England. |
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10 | |
_________ is the end product of glycolysis. It is oxidized into ___________ which then enters the Krebs cycle. |
| | A) | NADH, pyruvate |
| | B) | Pyruvate, NADH |
| | C) | Acetyl-CoA, pyruvate |
| | D) | Pyruvate, acetyl-CoA |
| | E) | CO2, NADPH |
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11 | |
Which of the following is the best description of cytochrome c? |
| | A) | Cytochrome c is another name for ubiquinone, a protein carrier molecule which functions in the electron transport chain. |
| | B) | Cytochrome c is the source of energy for the proton pumps found in mitochondria. |
| | C) | Cytochrome c is a type of photosynthetic molecule that is unique to several genera of prokaryotes. |
| | D) | Cytochrome c is a carrier molecule in the electron transport chain. |
| | E) | Cytochrome c functions by binding with the coenzyme NADP to initiate aerobic respiration. |
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12 | |
In mitochondria the Krebs cycle takes place in |
| | A) | the outermost membrane. |
| | B) | the matrix. |
| | C) | pores located throughout the inner membrane. |
| | D) | all parts of the organelle. |
| | E) | The Krebs cycle does not occur in mitochondria. |
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13 | |
Which of the following is an example of a chemical reaction? |
| | A) | breaking the hydrogen bonds between water molecules |
| | B) | forming hydrogen bonds between water molecules |
| | C) | joining amino acids to form a protein molecule |
| | D) | storing fat in cells |
| | E) | all of the above |
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14 | |
The energy required to initiate a chemical reaction is called |
| | A) | activation energy. |
| | B) | initiation energy. |
| | C) | catalysis. |
| | D) | primary energy. |
| | E) | initial energy. |
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15 | |
Even when catalysts are available, which of the following is also required for a reaction to occur? |
| | A) | favorable atmospheric conditions |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | energy |
| | D) | zinc |
| | E) | hydrogen |
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16 | |
In many reactions NAD+ functions to |
| | A) | accept electrons. |
| | B) | transform electrons. |
| | C) | release electrons. |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | both a and c |
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17 | |
A cell might regulate the production of a certain substance by |
| | A) | destroying the enzymes required for a key reaction. |
| | B) | altering the shape of a key enzyme. |
| | C) | becoming dormant when adequate quantities of the product are detected. |
| | D) | destroying excess quantities of the product. |
| | E) | storing enzymes until the product is exhausted |
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18 | |
A consequence of removing a phosphate from a molecule of ATP is the |
| | A) | release of some energy. |
| | B) | consumption of some energy. |
| | C) | consumption of some oxygen. |
| | D) | production of cellular waste. |
| | E) | both a and d |
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19 | |
In plants photosynthesis occurs in the |
| | A) | central vacuole of most cells. |
| | B) | cell wall. |
| | C) | leaves only. |
| | D) | chloroplasts. |
| | E) | vascular tissue. |
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20 | |
The actual formation of organic molecules from atmospheric carbon dioxide requires |
| | A) | light. |
| | B) | dark. |
| | C) | ATP. |
| | D) | NAD+. |
| | E) | NADH. |
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21 | |
In a high school biology class, students observe that plants grown with a green filter in front of the light source grow better than plants with a red filter in front of the light source. Why is this? |
| | A) | plants do not absorb the red wavelengths of light for photosynthesis. |
| | B) | plants do not absorb the green wavelengths of light for photosynthesis. |
| | C) | plants reflect the red wavelengths of light during photosynthesis. |
| | D) | plants cannot reflect light during photosynthesis. |
| | E) | both a and b |
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22 | |
The presence of carotenoid pigments can be demonstrated by |
| | A) | observing mature leaves during the hot summer months. |
| | B) | bleaching leaves to remove all of the chlorophyll. |
| | C) | observing leaves in the cool fall months. |
| | D) | using a light microscope. |
| | E) | both a and d |
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23 | |
Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b absorb slightly different wavelengths of light primarily due to differences in |
| | A) | the primary chlorophyll molecule. |
| | B) | differences in "side groups" attached to the molecule. |
| | C) | light quality. |
| | D) | the carotenoid pigments available. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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24 | |
Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis when |
| | A) | the oxygen is removed from carbon dioxide to make carbohydrate. |
| | B) | hydrogen is added to carbon dioxide to make carbohydrate. |
| | C) | water molecules are split to provide electrons for photosystem I. |
| | D) | water molecules are split to provide electrons for photosystem II. |
| | E) | oxygen is added to chlorophyll. |
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25 | |
Plants living in the desert conserve water at least in part by |
| | A) | closing stomata when the temperature exceeds a critical point. |
| | B) | increasing their uptake of water during the summer months. |
| | C) | growing in groups with other related plants. |
| | D) | absorbing increased amounts of oxygen in the summer. |
| | E) | both a and c |
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26 | |
A consequence of increased oxygen concentration in the leaves of a plant are |
| | A) | decreased absorption of light by chlorophyll. |
| | B) | reduction in RuBP concentration in leaves. |
| | C) | photorespiration in the leaves. |
| | D) | more efficient photosynthesis. |
| | E) | overproduction of carotenoid pigments. |
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27 | |
Which of the following reactions is most likely to occur in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell and in the absence of oxygen? |
| | A) | chemiosmosis |
| | B) | substrate-level phosphorylation |
| | C) | fermentation |
| | D) | glycolysis |
| | E) | photosynthesis |
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