Please answer all questions

1		The first amniotes evolved in the period.
			A)	Devonian
			B)	Jurassic
			C)	Carboniferous
			D)	Triassic
2		An example of an extant anapsids is a
			A)	captorhinid.
			B)	mesosaur.
			C)	plesiosaur.
			D)	turtle.
3		An example of an extant diapsid is a(n)
			A)	ichthyosaur.
			B)	pterosaur.
			C)	tuatara.
			D)	bird.
4		Birds and crocodilians are both
			A)	anapsids.
			B)	diapsids.
			C)	therapsids.
			D)	thecodonts.
5		Of the diapsid group, include the majority of the modern reptiles.
			A)	archosaurs
			B)	sauropterygians
			C)	plesiosaurs
			D)	lepidosaurs
6		are very large, long-necked, aquatic, extinct reptiles, but are not considered to be dinosaurs.
			A)	Ichthyosaurs
			B)	Plesiosaurs
			C)	Mesosaurs
			D)	Pelycosaurs
7		The scales of reptiles are in origin.
			A)	bony
			B)	dermal
			C)	epidermal
			D)	hypodermal
8		The reptiles are the first group to have pairs of cranial nerves, the same number as seen in birds and mammals.
			A)	8
			B)	6
			C)	10
			D)	12
9		Reptiles have a kidney, which produces as an excretory waste.
			A)	mesonephric, urea
			B)	mesonephric, uric acid
			C)	metanephric, urea
			D)	metanephric, uric acid
10		One group of reptiles has a four-chambered heart with two atria and two ventricles; these are
			A)	tuataras.
			B)	snakes.
			C)	lizards.
			D)	crocodilians.
11		Some reptiles may have a higher body temperature than the environment by
			A)	behaviorally thermoregulating.
			B)	shivering thermogenesis.
			C)	mitochondrial activity.
			D)	production of heat by brown fat.
12		After birth, young reptiles respire via
			A)	cutaneous respiration.
			B)	gills.
			C)	the bursa of fabricius.
			D)	lungs.
13		Because reptiles produce a shelled egg, is very useful.
			A)	mating behavior
			B)	a copulatory organ
			C)	a spermatophore
			D)	amplexus
14		Crocodilians evolved the first cerebral cortex of any vertebrate, known as the
			A)	pineal gland.
			B)	pituitary gland.
			C)	optic tectum.
			D)	neopallium.
15		Turtles have both vertebrae and fused to their upper shell.
			A)	ribs
			B)	neck
			C)	tail
			D)	humerus
16		The sex of turtles, as well as some other reptiles, is based on
			A)	the position of mating turtles.
			B)	temperature of incubation.
			C)	whether it is parthenogenetic.
			D)	whether it is marine or freshwater.
17		The most speciose group of extant reptiles is members of order
			A)	Squamata
			B)	Testudines.
			C)	Archosauria.
			D)	Crocodilia.
18		Darwin observed the only truly marine lizard, the
			A)	gecko.
			B)	skink.
			C)	iguana.
			D)	chameleon.
19		Legless reptiles include
			A)	snakes only.
			B)	lizards only.
			C)	both snakes and lizards.
			D)	members of all extant orders.
20		The forked tongue of a snake works in tandem with the
			A)	Jacobson's organ.
			B)	pit organs.
			C)	parietal gland.
			D)	venom duct.
21		Examples of snakes with pit organs include
			A)	rattlesnakes.
			B)	cobras.
			C)	puff adders.
			D)	garter snakes.
22		Pit vipers use their pit organs to track prey such as
			A)	other snakes.
			B)	eggs of other snakes.
			C)	mammals.
			D)	arthropods.
23		Where might one find a tuatara?
			A)	on the Galapagos Islands
			B)	in the Florida Keys
			C)	in the American Great Lakes
			D)	near New Zealand
24		The parietal gland of the tuatara is sensitive to
			A)	heat.
			B)	electromagnetic fields.
			C)	light.
			D)	sound.
25		Of the reptiles, which lack teeth?
			A)	turtles
			B)	snakes
			C)	lizards
			D)	tuataras
26		Birds are members of superorder
			A)	Lepidosauria.
			B)	Archosauria.
			C)	Anapsida.
			D)	Crocodilia.
27		Class Reptilia is considered to be a monophyletic group.
			A)	True
			B)	False
28		Extraembryonic membranes of the reptiles include the amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and bursa.
			A)	True
			B)	False
29		Scales of reptiles are homologous to the scales of fish, as well as the feathers of a bird, or mammalian hair.
			A)	True
			B)	False
30		The ventral shell of the turtle is known as the plastron.
			A)	True
			B)	False
31		Lizards and snakes have a kinetic skull and this is unusual among reptiles.
			A)	True
			B)	False
32		Snake venoms may be hemolytic or endotoxic.
			A)	True
			B)	False
33		Snakes are typically ovoviviparous, although other snake species may be viviparous or oviparous.
			A)	True
			B)	False
34		Worm lizards belong to order Sphenodonta.
			A)	True
			B)	False
35		Viviparity in reptiles is restricted only to the squamates and has evolved at least 100 times! The two types of viviparity are lecithotrophy and placentotrophy.
			A)	True
			B)	False
36		In contrast to the suggestion by its name, ornithiscian dinosaurs had hips like a bird, yet the birds evolved from saurischian dinosaurs.
			A)	True
			B)	False
37		The majority of dinosaurs were large in size, predatory, and swift in movement.
			A)	True
			B)	False
38		The quadrupedal sauropods include herbivores such as Brachiosaurus and Supersaurus.
			A)	True
			B)	False
39		Herbivorous ornithischians include Stegosaurus, Triceratops, and the hadrosaurs.
			A)	True
			B)	False
40		Both reptiles and amphibians have a glandular skin and possess chromatophores.
			A)	True
			B)	False
41		Both reptiles and amphibians have some members that have a four-chambered heart.
			A)	True
			B)	False
42		The synapsids include the mammal-like reptiles, the therapsids, which gave rise to the mammals.
			A)	True
			B)	False
43		In the amniotic egg, the albumin is a source of amino acids minerals and water for the embryo.
			A)	True
			B)	False
44		The muscular diaphragm is absent in reptiles, and therefore, they must enlarge the thoracic cavity or move internal organs to draw air into the lungs.
			A)	True
			B)	False
45		Of all reptiles, turtles have literally plodded on, unchanged, for the longest period of evolutionary time.
			A)	True
			B)	False