Please answer all questions

1		There are approximately ________ species of birds known.
			A)	1,000
			B)	2,000
			C)	4,000
			D)	9,000
2		Which of the following is not a characteristic of all species of birds?
			A)	flight
			B)	ovipary
			C)	feathers
			D)	four-chambered heart
3		Why might you surmise that few birds eat leafy vegetative material?
			A)	They don't like the taste
			B)	It's not available in all habitats
			C)	It's too low in calories
			D)	They can't chew it, as they lack teeth
4		What birdlike characteristics doesArchaeopteryx possess?
			A)	teeth
			B)	a long tail
			C)	feathers
			D)	claws on their front appendages
5		The paleognathids include
			A)	all flightless birds.
			B)	all birds without a sternum.
			C)	all birds that can fly.
			D)	rather large flightless birds.
6		The neognathid birds include
			A)	all birds that can fly.
			B)	all large birds.
			C)	some birds that can swim.
			D)	only birds living on islands.
7		Flightless neognathid birds typically would be found
			A)	in the prairies of North America.
			B)	in the polar regions.
			C)	on islands.
			D)	in Africa.
8		The ________ of modern birds is/are relatively long when compared to reptiles.
			A)	neck
			B)	ribs
			C)	tail
			D)	caudal vertebrae
9		The gland that produces oil used to lubricate the feathers of birds is located
			A)	at the base of the neck.
			B)	at the base of the tail.
			C)	in the crop.
			D)	in the axilla.
10		The archosaur group that is most closely related to the ancestor of the birds includes the
			A)	saurichians.
			B)	theropods.
			C)	ornithishians.
			D)	pterosaurs.
11		The great adaptive radiation of modern birds occurred during the
			A)	Devonian.
			B)	Cenozoic.
			C)	Tertiary.
			D)	Permian.
12		Of the numerous aortic arches seen in primitive vertebrates, in birds, the aortic arch persists.
			A)	fourth
			B)	left
			C)	sixth
			D)	right
13		The structure responsible for sound production in birds is the
			A)	syrinx.
			B)	larynx.
			C)	trachea.
			D)	pharynx.
14		In birds, urinary wastes are
			A)	stored in the bladder.
			B)	not stored for any great length of time.
			C)	absorbed into the Malpighian tubules.
			D)	in the form of urea.
15		Birds that are active immediately after hatching are known as
			A)	altricial.
			B)	precocial.
			C)	cambered.
			D)	polygynous.
16		The vertebrae of birds that are most freely movable are the
			A)	cervicals.
			B)	thoracics.
			C)	lumbars.
			D)	sacrals.
17		The stomach of birds includes a structure particularly adapted for grinding food, the
			A)	jejunum.
			B)	ileum.
			C)	proventriculus.
			D)	gizzard.
18		Birds lack alveoli, but rather possess, ________ which are one of the sites of oxygen uptake in the lung of the bird.
			A)	lamellae
			B)	parabronchi
			C)	pneumocysts
			D)	tracheoles
19		The ________ is the part of a bird's eye that is the area of keenest vision, and some birds have two of them.
			A)	pecten
			B)	fovea
			C)	cochlea
			D)	tectum
20		Along with an ability to sense the earth's magnetic field, birds also find their way during migration by
			A)	olfactory cues.
			B)	auditory cues.
			C)	visual cues.
			D)	tactile cues.
21		Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in bird reproduction?
			A)	fertilization, addition of albumin, formation of shell
			B)	formation of shell, addition of albumin, fertilization
			C)	fertilization, formation of shell, addition of albumin
			D)	addition of albumin, fertilization, formation of shell
22		Most birds practice seasonal ________ due to the necessity of caring for the young.
			A)	polyandry
			B)	monogamy
			C)	polygyny
			D)	polygamy
23		Fossils of early birds date back to approximately 150 million years ago.
			A)	True
			B)	False
24		In contrast to reptiles, birds typically have four toes.
			A)	True
			B)	False
25		The feathers and leg scales of birds are epidermal in origin.
			A)	True
			B)	False
26		Birds have three bones in the middle ear.
			A)	True
			B)	False
27		Bird eggs are hard, as they are impregnated with calcium.
			A)	True
			B)	False
28		The portion of the bird feather that emerges from the skin follicle is known as the quill.
			A)	True
			B)	False
29		The most minute structure of a contour feather is the vane.
			A)	True
			B)	False
30		Specialized cells, called phagocytes, are carried in the circulatory system and are active in immunity and repair of wounds in birds.
			A)	True
			B)	False
31		Compared to mammals, the cerebral cortex of birds is relatively undeveloped.
			A)	True
			B)	False
32		The alula is a set of feathers on the first digit, which allows a slot on the wing.
			A)	True
			B)	False
33		North American birds often winter in Central and South America; many birds from Europe winter in Africa.
			A)	True
			B)	False
34		Members of family Anseriformes include ducks and swans.
			A)	True
			B)	False
35		The penguins are members of family Sphenisciformes; members of family Apodiformes include the hummingbirds.
			A)	True
			B)	False
36		Unlike reptiles, birds have one occipital condyle.
			A)	True
			B)	False
37		Penguins are considered to be paleognathid birds because they cannot fly.
			A)	True
			B)	False
38		Most birds molt feathers all at the same time. This makes them particularly vulnerable to predators at this time.
			A)	True
			B)	False
39		Bones of birds, which are filled with air cavities, are known as pneumatic bones. These bony cavities communicate with the respiratory system.
			A)	True
			B)	False
40		Birds possess paired metanephric kidneys, each with thousands of nephrons.
			A)	True
			B)	False
41		The corpus striatum is the primary center for coordination in the brain of a bird.
			A)	True
			B)	False
42		Birds that can run and feed themselves soon after hatching, and are covered with down are known as altricial birds.
			A)	True
			B)	False