Please answer all questions

1		The first person to classify animals in a way that is still used today was
			A)	Linnaeus.
			B)	Haeckel.
			C)	Aristotle.
			D)	Hennig.
2		Which of the following terms is related to cladistics?
			A)	branching tree
			B)	nested hierarchy
			C)	synapomorphy
			D)	polyphyly
3		In the Linnaean system of naming, a single species is identified by a binomial, which consists of the following two parts:
			A)	phylum and class.
			B)	class and order.
			C)	family and genus.
			D)	genus and species.
4		The source of information about relationships that comes from the study of anatomy is called
			A)	phylogenetic morphology.
			B)	comparative cytology.
			C)	analytical anatomy.
			D)	comparative morphology.
5		The current status of taxonomy is in transition. It is changing from a focus on _________ toward a focus on
			A)	evolutionary taxa, cladistic taxa.
			B)	cladistic taxa, phylogenetic taxa.
			C)	phylogenetic taxa, numerical taxa.
			D)	numerical taxa, evolutionary taxa.
6		While there are many criteria to describe the difference between two species, the biological definition of a species is based on being part of
			A)	a population of animals that are in one place.
			B)	a population of animals that behave alike.
			C)	an interbreeding population of animals.
			D)	a population of animals that look alike.
7		The biological definition of a species is only one of two currently used definitions for the term species; the other definition is the
			A)	phylogenetic species concept.
			B)	typological species concept.
			C)	cladistic species concept.
			D)	Linnaean species concept.
8		Birds have wings, as do beetles. However, they do not share a recent, common ancestor. Therefore the possession of wings is known as
			A)	homology.
			B)	homoplasy.
			C)	polarity.
			D)	ancestry.
9		Comparative biochemistry compares the sequences of amino acids in proteins as well as _____________ to identify characters used to construct cladograms.
			A)	triglyceride sequences
			B)	nucleotide sequences
			C)	carbohydrate chains
			D)	ribosomes
10		Phylogenetic systematics was first proposed by
			A)	Linnaeus.
			B)	Aristotle.
			C)	Hennig.
			D)	Ray
11		Two different monophyletic groups that share common ancestry with each other more recently than either does with other taxa are known as
			A)	symplesiomorphies.
			B)	synapomorphies.
			C)	subspecies.
			D)	sister groups.
12		The species concept includes all of these ideas, with the exception of
			A)	reproductive community.
			B)	smallest distinct groupings.
			C)	common descent.
			D)	sister groups.
13		In Lake Baikal, there exists the world's only freshwater seal. It lives nowhere else. This is an example of
			A)	an endemic species.
			B)	a homologous species.
			C)	a cosmopolitan species.
			D)	a phylogenetic species.
14		The science of cladistics produces a system for naming and classifying organisms.
			A)	True
			B)	False
15		Linnaeus was the first biologist to classify organisms.
			A)	True
			B)	False
16		The broadest categories in the system of classification, below kingdoms, are called phyla.
			A)	True
			B)	False
17		The only taxonomic unit that is written entirely in lower case letters is the genus.
			A)	True
			B)	False
18		When all the organisms in one taxon come from a single common ancestor, the taxon is considered to be monophyletic.
			A)	True
			B)	False
19		Phyla, classes, and families are known as taxa.
			A)	True
			B)	False
20		The hierarchical rankings within the animal kingdom are: phylum, order, class, family, genus, and species.
			A)	True
			B)	False
21		A genus name of an animal cannot be used for more than one group of organisms, but the species epithet may be used for unrelated organisms.
			A)	True
			B)	False
22		Humans, as well as other apes have opposable thumbs. Because we share a common ancestor, this character shows homology.
			A)	True
			B)	False
23		A derived character shared by members of a clade is called a symplesiomorphy.
			A)	True
			B)	False
24		The branching diagram that shows the nested hierarchy of clades is a phylogenetic tree.
			A)	True
			B)	False
25		From a cladistic perspective, the term reptile would include both lizards and birds.
			A)	True
			B)	False
26		Although evolutionists do not follow the typological species concept, type specimens are still used when describing a new species.
			A)	True
			B)	False
27		One of the problems with the biological species concept is that it only applies to organisms that reproduce asexually.
			A)	True
			B)	False
28		Linnaeus was the first to propose the evolutionary species concept.
			A)	True
			B)	False
29		The phylogenetic species concept includes sexually and asexually reproducing organisms and includes polyphyletic groups.
			A)	True
			B)	False
30		Whittaker proposed a five-kingdom scheme, although more recently evidence suggests that the kingdom Monera should be split into two separate kingdoms.
			A)	True
			B)	False