 |
1 | |
Sponge bodies do not have organs, instead they have masses of cells supported by |
| | A) | ostia or oscula. |
| | B) | spicules or spongin. |
| | C) | oscula or spicules. |
| | D) | spongin or ostia. |
|
|
2 | |
Porifera have an extensive fossil record that extends back to the ________ era. |
| | A) | Jurassic |
| | B) | Mesozoic |
| | C) | Paleozoic |
| | D) | Cambrian |
|
|
3 | |
Of the 5,000 species of sponges, only ________ live in freshwater; the rest are marine. |
| | A) | 150 |
| | B) | 1,000 |
| | C) | 500 |
| | D) | 1,500 |
|
|
4 | |
The pores in the surface of a sponge that pass incoming water to the body are called __________ and the opening by which water passes out of the sponge is called the __________. |
| | A) | choanocytes, radial canal |
| | B) | spongins, spongocoel |
| | C) | pinacocytes, excurrent canal |
| | D) | ostia, osculum |
|
|
5 | |
The flagellated cells that line the canals of the sponge are called |
| | A) | choanocytes. |
| | B) | porocytes. |
| | C) | pinacocytes. |
| | D) | ostia. |
|
|
6 | |
The interior cavity of an asconoid sponge is called the |
| | A) | osculum. |
| | B) | excurrent canal. |
| | C) | spongocoel. |
| | D) | spongin. |
|
|
7 | |
In a syconoid type of sponge, the choanocytes are located in the |
| | A) | incurrent canals. |
| | B) | radial canals. |
| | C) | excurrent canals. |
| | D) | spongocoel. |
|
|
8 | |
Of the three types of body or canal designs in sponges, which is the most complex, as it is composed of multiple flagellated chambers? |
| | A) | asconoid |
| | B) | syconoid |
| | C) | leuconoid |
| | D) | polyconoid |
|
|
9 | |
Of the following cell types found in sponges, which one covers the external surface? |
| | A) | porocytes |
| | B) | pinacocytes |
| | C) | archaeocytes |
| | D) | myocytes |
|
|
10 | |
Of the following cell types found in sponges, which one is arranged in bands around the oscula? |
| | A) | porocytes |
| | B) | pinacocytes |
| | C) | archaeocytes |
| | D) | myocytes |
|
|
11 | |
Of the following cell types found in sponges, which are tubular and pierce the body wall? |
| | A) | porocytes |
| | B) | pinacocytes |
| | C) | archaeocytes |
| | D) | myocytes |
|
|
12 | |
Of the following cell types found in sponges, which ones move around in the mesohyl? |
| | A) | porocytes |
| | B) | pinacocytes |
| | C) | archaeocytes |
| | D) | myocytes |
|
|
13 | |
Which of the following cell types is responsible for making spicules? |
| | A) | porocytes |
| | B) | pinacocytes |
| | C) | archaeocytes |
| | D) | sclerocytes |
|
|
14 | |
Sponges are typically classified into _________ different classes. |
| | A) | seven or eight |
| | B) | three or four |
| | C) | two or three |
| | D) | five or six |
|
|
15 | |
Recent evidence from ________ studies supports the hypothesis of a common ancestor for metazoans and choanoflagellates. |
| | A) | phylogenetic |
| | B) | DNA fingerprinting |
| | C) | ribosomal RNA |
| | D) | selective breeding |
|
|
16 | |
The larval form that is characteristic of the Demospongiae is the |
| | A) | planula. |
| | B) | amphiblastula. |
| | C) | trochophore. |
| | D) | parenchymula. |
|
|
17 | |
In a leuconoid sponge, the choanocytes are found in the |
| | A) | gastrovascular cavity. |
| | B) | radial canals. |
| | C) | incurrent canals. |
| | D) | excurrent canals. |
|
|
18 | |
All mesozoans are small marine parasites living in invertebrates. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
19 | |
In sponges, food is digested in the spongocoel. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
20 | |
Sclerocytes secrete fibrillar spongin fibers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
21 | |
When sponges reproduce asexually by internal buds, these are called gemmules |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
22 | |
Sponge bodies are organized at the tissue level of structure. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
23 | |
The nervous system of the poriferans is a nerve net. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
24 | |
Sponges live attached to a substrate; this lifestyle is called sessile. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
25 | |
Around the osculum of a sponge are cells that aid in regulating the water flow; these cells are called myocytes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
26 | |
The cells in the body wall of a sponge that pass water into the interior are called choanocytes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
27 | |
The opening by which water passes out of a sponge body is called the dermal ostia. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
28 | |
The body design of a sponge that has many multiple flagellated chambers within the body wall is called leuconoid. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
29 | |
The channels that pass water from the outside of the sponge into the flagellated chambers are called the excurrent canals. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
30 | |
In addition to budding, sponges can reproduce asexually by a stage that is able to resist unfavorable conditions. This stage is called a gemmule. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
31 | |
In sponges, excretion and respiration is accomplished by diffusion, although contractile vacuoles occur in freshwater sponges. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
32 | |
Sclerocytes secrete spicules, spongocytes secrete spongin, and collencytes secrete collagen. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
33 | |
Most sponges are oviparous, with fertilized eggs exiting the body of the sponge through the osculum. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
34 | |
The collar of the collar cell is composed of microvilli. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|