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1 | |
According to Max Weber, action: |
| | A) | is an automatic response to environmental stimuli. |
| | B) | occurs when people attach meaning to what they do. |
| | C) | is an inappropriate concept for sociological study. |
| | D) | is the term used to describe the behavior of lower animals. |
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2 | |
The term "value-rational action" is used to describe action that is: |
| | A) | the result of powerful emotions. |
| | B) | chosen on the basis of an actor's commitment to a larger set of values. |
| | C) | chosen on the basis of an actor's rational evaluation of the best means to achieve a desired end. |
| | D) | done on the basis of traditional habits and customs. |
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3 | |
A "form of interaction" is: |
| | A) | a pattern imposed on social actors in the social world. |
| | B) | produced in order to add complexity to an otherwise boring world. |
| | C) | a pattern imposed on events, actions, and interactions in the social world. |
| | D) | a set of expectations imposed on individuals by the social world. |
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4 | |
Which of the following is NOT true of the movement from a dyad to a triad? |
| | A) | It creates the possibility of a threat to individuality. |
| | B) | It has no effect on the way that group members relate to each other. |
| | C) | It is essential to the development of social structures. |
| | D) | It creates the conditions under which the tragedy of culture becomes possible. |
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5 | |
Which of the following characterizes the stranger? |
| | A) | People feel free to say things to the stranger that they would not say to other members of the group. |
| | B) | The stranger is passionately involved in his/her interactions with other group members. |
| | C) | People refuse to speak to the stranger. |
| | D) | People feel uncomfortable with the stranger because s/he holds secrets and tells lies. |
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6 | |
The difference between behaviorism and George Herbert Mead's social behaviorism is that: |
| | A) | social behaviorism assumes that the mind intervenes between the application of a stimulus and the emitting of a response. |
| | B) | behaviorism focuses on the behavior of individuals, whereas social behaviorism focuses on the behavior of social groups. |
| | C) | social behaviorism focuses exclusively on the relationship between stimulus and response. |
| | D) | behaviorism studies the behavior of human beings, whereas social behaviorism studies the social behavior of animals. |
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7 | |
In a dog fight, the baring of teeth by one dog automatically causes the other dog to bare its teeth. This is an example of a: |
| | A) | conversation of gestures. |
| | B) | significant symbol. |
| | C) | significant gesture. |
| | D) | unit act. |
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8 | |
A significant gesture: |
| | A) | can be made by both humans and animals. |
| | B) | requires thought before a response is made. |
| | C) | is always vocal. |
| | D) | changes the way that people think about the world. |
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9 | |
In which stage of development does the child learn to become both subject and object? |
| | A) | the game stage |
| | B) | the adolescent stage |
| | C) | the work stage |
| | D) | the play stage |
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10 | |
The Me: |
| | A) | is the immediate response of the self to others. |
| | B) | the collected set of traits and values contained in a person's self. |
| | C) | the individual's adoption and perception of the generalized other. |
| | D) | the relationship between a child and its primary caregivers. |
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11 | |
According to symbolic interactionists: |
| | A) | people act on the basis of the reality of a situation. |
| | B) | people act on the basis of the mental definition of a situation. |
| | C) | people consider both the reality of a situation and the personal definition of a situation before acting. |
| | D) | people act on the basis of unthinking responses to environmental stimuli. |
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12 | |
Which of the following is a primary group? |
| | A) | family |
| | B) | gender |
| | C) | race |
| | D) | apples |
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13 | |
According to symbolic interactionists, the methodology of putting oneself in the places and minds of others is called: |
| | A) | intersubjective reflection. |
| | B) | definition of the situation. |
| | C) | sympathetic introspection. |
| | D) | manipulation. |
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14 | |
To describe his theory of everyday life, Talcott Parsons chose the term action rather than behavior because he wanted to: |
| | A) | capture the automatic, unthinking element of human life. |
| | B) | draw attention to the similarities between his perspective and behaviorism. |
| | C) | capture the active, creative element in human life. |
| | D) | memorialize his mother's commitment to social activism. |
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15 | |
The pattern variable in which the issue is whether we judge a social phenomenon by what it is endowed with or by what it achieves is: |
| | A) | affectivity-affective neutrality. |
| | B) | specificity-diffuseness. |
| | C) | universalism-particularism. |
| | D) | ascription-achievement. |
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16 | |
When two actors visualize what is going on in each other's consciousness, Alfred Schutz would refer to this as: |
| | A) | self-collectivity. |
| | B) | intersubjectivity. |
| | C) | consummation. |
| | D) | the looking-glass self. |
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17 | |
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the lifeworld? |
| | A) | suspension of doubt |
| | B) | intersubjectivity |
| | C) | experience of the total self |
| | D) | doubt |
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18 | |
According to Schutz, standardized ways of handling various situations are called: |
| | A) | recipes. |
| | B) | typifications. |
| | C) | prototypes. |
| | D) | scripts. |
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19 | |
The realm of our daily lives in which we directly experience the presence of others on a face-to-face basis is called: |
| | A) | we-relations. |
| | B) | intersubjectivity. |
| | C) | they-relations. |
| | D) | us-relations. |
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20 | |
Retrospective glances at the factors that caused individuals to behave as they did are called: |
| | A) | in-order-to-motives. |
| | B) | approximations. |
| | C) | because motives. |
| | D) | phenomenologies. |
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21 | |
One view of Max Weber's use of verstehen is that he used it to put himself in the place of individual Calvinists in order to understand both the cultural context in which they lived and what led them to behave in a capitalist manner. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
There is no significant difference in group structure between groups composed of two people and groups composed of three people. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
According to Georg Simmel, secrecy is a fact of life because it is impossible to know everything that there is to know about any single person. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
Only people, and not lower animals, employ the kinds of gestures that involve a thought before a response is made. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
George Herbert Mead's theory of social behaviorism was an important influence on the development of symbolic interactionism. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | |
Observation is one technique that enables symbolic interactionists to engage in sympathetic introspection. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | |
In Talcott Parsons' theory, the pattern variable that concerns whether you judge a social phenomenon on the basis of general standards or more specific emotional standards is called univeralism-particularism. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
People are especially likely to use typifications and recipes when their commonsense expectations are challenged by unexpected people and situations. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
According to Alfred Schutz, people are able to adopt the natural attitude only after many years of training in scientific theory and research. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
In contrast to phenomenological philosophers who studied what went on in the social world, Schutz devoted most of his attention to the study of individual mental processes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education