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1 | |
Consequences that can be observed and that help a particular system adapt or adjust are referred to by sociologists as: |
| | A) | functions. |
| | B) | grand theories. |
| | C) | structures. |
| | D) | segmentary differentiations. |
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2 | |
Why has the structural-functionalist theory of stratification been subject to criticism? |
| | A) | It emphasizes the need to radically change society. |
| | B) | It is not concerned with the rewards offered to people who fill high-ranking positions. |
| | C) | It perpetuates the privileged positions of people who already have power and wealth. |
| | D) | It believes that garbage collectors are more important to the survival of society than doctors. |
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3 | |
According to Talcott Parsons, what is the functional imperative that enables a system to furnish, maintain, and renew the motivation of individuals? |
| | A) | goal maintenance |
| | B) | adaptation |
| | C) | stratification |
| | D) | latency |
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4 | |
The _____________ system is responsible for performing the goal-attainment function in the Parsonsian action system. |
| | A) | social |
| | B) | cultural |
| | C) | personality |
| | D) | behavioral organism |
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5 | |
The ______________ is the Parsonsian subsystem that performs the function of integration. |
| | A) | polity |
| | B) | societal community |
| | C) | economy |
| | D) | fiduciary system |
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6 | |
A ____________ of slavery in the South was that it made this area of the country dependent upon an agrarian economy. |
| | A) | latent function |
| | B) | nonfunction |
| | C) | manifest function |
| | D) | net balance |
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7 | |
Which of the following was NOT a type of group identified by Ralf Dahrendorf? |
| | A) | conflict group |
| | B) | quasi group |
| | C) | status group |
| | D) | interest group |
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8 | |
Stability is to structural functionalism as ___________ is to conflict theory. |
| | A) | order |
| | B) | consensus |
| | C) | change |
| | D) | common morality |
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9 | |
The social theorist Robert Merton can best be described as a: |
| | A) | structural functionalist. |
| | B) | feminist. |
| | C) | conflict theorist. |
| | D) | societal functionalist. |
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10 | |
Dahrendorf believes that authority is embedded in: |
| | A) | the mode of production. |
| | B) | the polity. |
| | C) | imperatively coordinated associations. |
| | D) | the personality system. |
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11 | |
Which of the following is NOT a tenet of Niklas Luhmann's systems theory? |
| | A) | Systems are open. |
| | B) | Systems are less complex than their environments. |
| | C) | Systems develop subsystems to deal with their environments. |
| | D) | Systems have the potential to break down. |
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12 | |
According to Luhmann, differentiation is characterized by: |
| | A) | the ability of the environment to copy a system. |
| | B) | the ability of a system to deal with changes in its environment. |
| | C) | the ability of a system to decrease its complexity. |
| | D) | the inability of the environment to affect a system. |
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13 | |
_________________ differentiation refers to hierarchical rank or status in a system. |
| | A) | Segmentary |
| | B) | Center-periphery |
| | C) | Functional |
| | D) | Stratifactory |
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14 | |
Which of the following statements describes one of the differences between Parsons's theory of structural functionalism and Luhmann's system theory? |
| | A) | Parsons' theory accounts for contingency, while Luhmann's does not. |
| | B) | Luhmann understands society as a self-referential system, while Parsons does not. |
| | C) | Parsons focuses on the role of individuals, while Luhmann focuses on structures. |
| | D) | Luhmann describes systems as open, while Parsons describes them as closed. |
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15 | |
The basic language of a functional system is referred to as: |
| | A) | a code. |
| | B) | debunking. |
| | C) | ideology. |
| | D) | anomie. |
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16 | |
Which of the following theorists discusses autopoietic systems? |
| | A) | Robert Merton |
| | B) | Talcott Parsons |
| | C) | Niklas Luhmann |
| | D) | Ralf Dahrendorf |
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17 | |
Which of the following is a common characteristic shared by structural functionalism, conflict theory, systems theory, and macro-social feminist theory? |
| | A) | They all ignore individual interaction. |
| | B) | They all dismiss the importance of social structures. |
| | C) | They all believe that social inequality is a functional necessity. |
| | D) | They all offer a model of social change. |
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18 | |
Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of ideology? |
| | A) | It describes social reality in an objective and truthful manner. |
| | B) | It is a reflection of the interests and experiences of society's dominant group. |
| | C) | It is institutionalized as public knowledge. |
| | D) | It becomes taken-for-granted knowledge for all social groups. |
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19 | |
Which of the following statements would macro-level feminist theorists make in describing gender oppression in a capitalist society? |
| | A) | It is a functional imperative. |
| | B) | It trivializes the productive work of men. |
| | C) | It reflects the interests and experiences of women. |
| | D) | It makes it difficult for women to enter the public sphere. |
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20 | |
What does it mean when feminist theorists say that subordinate groups experience social life as a balancing of roles? |
| | A) | Subordinate groups have the capacity to compartmentalize their lives and actions. |
| | B) | Subordinate groups have to merge their interests and orientations as they navigate social institutions. |
| | C) | A subordinate group's experience is generalizable to the dominant group's experience. |
| | D) | Subordinate groups exhibit purposive role behavior. |
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21 | |
Structural functionalism is considered a grand theory of the social world. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
A structural functionalist believes that inequality is necessary for society to function. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
The Parsonsian cultural system performs the imperative function of latency. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
The Parsonsian fiduciary subsystem is responsible for the imperative function of adaptation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
According to Robert Merton, social structures have both intended and unintended consequences. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | |
Merton believes that anomie can occur if there is a serious disconnect between social structures and culture. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | |
According to Ralf Dahrendorf, the lumpenproletariat will never form into a conflict group. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
In segmentary differentiation, inequality is essential to the functioning of a system. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
A code allows one system to communicate with and understand another system. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
The macro-level feminist understanding of stratification argues that women and other nondominants experience social life as a movement among compartmentalized roles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education