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1 | |
The hypothalamus |
| | A) | regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland. |
| | B) | is connected to the pituitary gland by the optic chiasma. |
| | C) | has neurons that connect to the anterior pituitary. |
| | D) | contains the infundibulum, which secretes many hormones. |
| | E) | all of these |
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2 | |
Hormones secreted from the posterior pituitary |
| | A) | are produced by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus. |
| | B) | are transported in the hypothalamohypophysial portal system. |
| | C) | include GH and ACTH. |
| | D) | are classified as pheromones. |
| | E) | both a and b |
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3 | |
One effect of ADH is to |
| | A) | decrease urine volume. |
| | B) | increase blood osmolality. |
| | C) | decrease blood volume. |
| | D) | all of these |
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4 | |
Oxytocin secretion causes |
| | A) | milk ejection in lactating females. |
| | B) | uterine contractions. |
| | C) | increased urine volume. |
| | D) | decreased blood volume. |
| | E) | both a and b |
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5 | |
Hormones that are secreted from the anterior pituitary are produced in |
| | A) | the hypothalamus. |
| | B) | the anterior pituitary. |
| | C) | the posterior pituitary. |
| | D) | the infundibulum. |
| | E) | neurosecretory cells. |
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6 | |
Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones |
| | A) | are secreted from the posterior pituitary. |
| | B) | are all neurohormones. |
| | C) | travel through the hypothalamohypophysial tract. |
| | D) | influence the release of hormones from the posterior pituitary. |
| | E) | affect target cells throughout the body. |
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7 | |
The factors that stimulate secretion of ADH include |
| | A) | stress. |
| | B) | decreased blood osmolality. |
| | C) | decreased blood volume. |
| | D) | all of these |
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8 | |
A person with no ADH secretion (diabetes insipidus) might have symptoms including |
| | A) | high blood pressure. |
| | B) | extremely low urine output. |
| | C) | extreme thirst and dehydration. |
| | D) | increased water retention. |
| | E) | all of these |
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9 | |
Oxytocin secretion is stimulated by |
| | A) | decreased blood osmolality. |
| | B) | increased blood pressure. |
| | C) | stretches of the uterus. |
| | D) | stress. |
| | E) | GnRH. |
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10 | |
Anterior pituitary hormones |
| | A) | have a long half-life. |
| | B) | bind to intracellular receptors. |
| | C) | include oxytocin and ADH. |
| | D) | are proteins, glycoproteins, or polypeptides. |
| | E) | are stimulated by tropic hormones. |
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11 | |
Growth hormone causes |
| | A) | increased somatomedin production. |
| | B) | increased fat storage. |
| | C) | increased glycogen breakdown. |
| | D) | increased use of glucose as an energy source. |
| | E) | decreased uptake of amino acids into the cells. |
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12 | |
Which of these factors results in increased GH secretion? |
| | A) | high blood glucose |
| | B) | increased GH-IH secretion |
| | C) | stress |
| | D) | decreased amino acids in the blood |
| | E) | all of these |
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13 | |
GH has a negative-feedback effect on the secretion of |
| | A) | GH-IH. |
| | B) | GH-RH. |
| | C) | TSH. |
| | D) | ADH. |
| | E) | ACTH. |
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14 | |
Hypersecretion of GH in adults produces |
| | A) | dwarfism. |
| | B) | giantism. |
| | C) | acromegaly. |
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15 | |
A molecule that has the same effects as opiate drugs (such as morphine, opium, and heroin) is |
| | A) | ACTH. |
| | B) | beta endorphin. |
| | C) | lipotropin. |
| | D) | MSH. |
| | E) | PRH. |
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16 | |
All of these hormones are neurohormones produced in the hypothalamus EXCEPT |
| | A) | GnRH. |
| | B) | PRH. |
| | C) | PIH. |
| | D) | FSH. |
| | E) | GH-RH. |
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17 | |
The major, more potent form of thyroid hormone that interacts with target cells is |
| | A) | tetraiodothyronine (T4). |
| | B) | triiodothyronine (T3). |
| | C) | thyroglobulin. |
| | D) | thyroxine-binding globulin. |
| | E) | tyrosine. |
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18 | |
Which of these molecules binds to most thyroid hormones and increases the half-life of thyroid hormones? |
| | A) | thyroglobulin |
| | B) | tyrosine |
| | C) | triiodothyronine (T3) |
| | D) | tetraiodothyronine (T4) |
| | E) | thyroxine-binding globulin |
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19 | |
Which of these symptoms is a result of hyperthyroidism? |
| | A) | rapid heart rate |
| | B) | cretinism |
| | C) | cold intolerance |
| | D) | myxedema |
| | E) | reduced appetite |
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20 | |
Which of these conditions causes increased TRH secretion? |
| | A) | increased T3 secretion |
| | B) | increased T4 secretion |
| | C) | hypothermia |
| | D) | prolonged fasting |
| | E) | all of these |
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21 | |
T3 and T4 |
| | A) | are synthesized in parafollicular cells of the thyroid. |
| | B) | are bound to thyroglobulin during synthesis. |
| | C) | are synthesized from iron and the amino acid tyrosine. |
| | D) | are produced in equal amounts by the thyroid. |
| | E) | all of these |
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22 | |
A deficiency of iodine in the diet causes |
| | A) | increased TSH secretion. |
| | B) | decreased T3 and T4 production. |
| | C) | increased TRH production. |
| | D) | thyroid enlargement (goiter). |
| | E) | all of these |
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23 | |
Thyroid hormones cause |
| | A) | increased glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. |
| | B) | increased body temperature. |
| | C) | increased ATP production. |
| | D) | normal growth and development. |
| | E) | all of these |
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24 | |
The cells in the thyroid responsible for calcitonin secretion are |
| | A) | follicle cells. |
| | B) | thyroglobulin cells. |
| | C) | cortical cells. |
| | D) | parafollicular cells. |
| | E) | hypothalamic cells. |
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25 | |
Which of these conditions produce(s) elevated TSH secretion? |
| | A) | iodine deficiency |
| | B) | surgically removed thyroid |
| | C) | pituitary tumor |
| | D) | all of these |
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26 | |
When parathyroid hormone increases, |
| | A) | osteoclast activity decreases. |
| | B) | calcium reabsorption in the kidney decreases. |
| | C) | calcium absorption in the small intestine decreases. |
| | D) | blood calcium level decreases. |
| | E) | blood phosphate level decreases. |
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27 | |
Which of these symptoms occur as a result of hypersecretion of PTH? |
| | A) | increased muscular excitability |
| | B) | muscle tetany |
| | C) | kidney stones |
| | D) | depolarization of cell membrane |
| | E) | all of these |
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28 | |
The adrenal medulla |
| | A) | is derived from mesoderm. |
| | B) | is the outer portion of adrenal glands. |
| | C) | contains the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis. |
| | D) | is part of the parasympathetic division of the ANS. |
| | E) | produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
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29 | |
All of these cause increased secretion of hormones from the adrenal medulla EXCEPT |
| | A) | high blood glucose levels. |
| | B) | stimulation by sympathetic neurons. |
| | C) | emotional excitement. |
| | D) | stress. |
| | E) | exercise. |
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30 | |
Aldosterone |
| | A) | is a glucocorticoid hormone. |
| | B) | is secreted by the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex. |
| | C) | increases sodium concentration in the blood. |
| | D) | increases potassium concentration in the blood. |
| | E) | all of these |
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31 | |
Hyposecretion of aldosterone causes |
| | A) | alkalosis. |
| | B) | hyperkalemia. |
| | C) | high blood pressure. |
| | D) | skeletal muscle weakness. |
| | E) | hypernatremia. |
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32 | |
If cortisol secretion increases, |
| | A) | protein catabolism (breakdown) decreases. |
| | B) | fat catabolism (breakdown) decreases. |
| | C) | the inflammatory response decreases. |
| | D) | blood glucose level decreases. |
| | E) | glycogen deposits in cells decrease. |
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33 | |
Which of these inhibits CRH secretion? |
| | A) | stress |
| | B) | ACTH |
| | C) | cortisol |
| | D) | hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) |
| | E) | both b and c |
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34 | |
Glucagon increases |
| | A) | breakdown of glycogen to glucose. |
| | B) | glucose synthesis from amino acids and fats. |
| | C) | blood sugar levels. |
| | D) | fat breakdown. |
| | E) | all of these |
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35 | |
All of these are symptoms of diabetes mellitus EXCEPT |
| | A) | polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. |
| | B) | hyperglycemia. |
| | C) | peripheral vascular disease. |
| | D) | insulin shock. |
| | E) | acidosis. |
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36 | |
Which of these factors increases insulin secretion? |
| | A) | sympathetic stimulation |
| | B) | hypoglycemia |
| | C) | secretion of gastrointestinal hormones |
| | D) | decreased amino acids in the blood |
| | E) | both b and c |
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37 | |
Immediately after a meal, which hormone level increases? |
| | A) | cortisol |
| | B) | epinephrine |
| | C) | glucagon |
| | D) | growth hormone |
| | E) | insulin |
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38 | |
Melatonin |
| | A) | is produced by the posterior pituitary. |
| | B) | production increases as light increases. |
| | C) | inhibits GnRH secretion. |
| | D) | increases skin pigmentation. |
| | E) | all of these |
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39 | |
Which of these autocrine chemical signals, produced by most tissues of the body, can promote inflammation? |
| | A) | endorphins |
| | B) | enkephalins |
| | C) | thymosins |
| | D) | prostaglandins |
| | E) | melatonins |
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40 | |
Which of these substances is responsible for the processing of T cells? |
| | A) | endorphin |
| | B) | enkephalin |
| | C) | prostaglandin |
| | D) | thymosin |
| | E) | melatonin |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education