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1 | |
The proteins that control the reactions of metabolism are
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| | A) | amino acids
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| | B) | catalysts
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| | C) | enzymes
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| | D) | substrates
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2 | |
The process that provides the biochemicals required for cell growth and repair is
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| | A) | anabolism
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| | B) | catabolism
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| | C) | metabolism
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| | D) | synthesis
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3 | |
A by-product of dehydration synthesis is
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| | A) | carbon dioxide
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| | B) | oxygen
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| | C) | water
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| | D) | amino acids
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4 | |
Enzymes are needed to promote metabolic reactions in the body because
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| | A) | there is inadequate oxygen to promote the chemical reactions
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| | B) | the temperature in cells is not high enough to promote the increase in chemical reaction rates
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| | C) | both of the above
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| | D) | neither of the above
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5 | |
Very small quantities of enzymes are needed because
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| | A) | they are very large protein molecules
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| | B) | a phospholipid layer provides insulation
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| | C) | very rapid production of enzymes is possible when they are needed
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| | D) | they are not consumed in the metabolic reaction they facilitate
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6 | |
Enzymes can be denatured (destroyed) by
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| | A) | heat and radiation
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| | B) | chemicals and extremes of pH
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| | C) | electricity
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| | D) | all of the above
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7 | |
The form of energy most often used by the body's metabolic processes is
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| | A) | chemical
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| | B) | light
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| | C) | mechanical
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| | D) | electrical
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8 | |
The first stage of cellular respiration is ___________ and occurs in the __________________ .
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| | A) | aerobic, cytosol
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| | B) | anaerobic, Golgi apparatus
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| | C) | aerobic, cell membrane
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| | D) | anaerobic, cytosol
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9 | |
The second phase of cellular respiration is __________ and occurs in the ____________.
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| | A) | aerobic, mitochondria
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| | B) | aerobic, cytosol
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| | C) | anaerobic, Golgi apparatus
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| | D) | anaerobic, cell membrane
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10 | |
The final products of glucose oxidation are all of the following except
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| | A) | water
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| | B) | carbon dioxide
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| | C) | energy
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| | D) | oxygen
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11 | |
The average human diet should consist largely of
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| | A) | protein
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| | B) | carbohydrates
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| | C) | saturated fats
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| | D) | unsaturated fats
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12 | |
The initial phase of the metabolic pathway of carbohydrates produces
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| | A) | 2 pyruvic acid molecules
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| | B) | 36 citric acid molecules
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| | C) | acetyl coenzyme A
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| | D) | 4 fumaric acid molecules
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13 | |
The most important product of the citric acid cycle is
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| | A) | hydrogen
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| | B) | oxygen
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| | C) | carbon dioxide
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| | D) | glycogen
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14 | |
A triglyceride molecule consists of
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| | A) | cholesterol and oxygen
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| | B) | glycerol and three fatty acids
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| | C) | ketones and water
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| | D) | phosphorus and lipids
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15 | |
When protein is used as an energy source, protein molecules first undergo a process called
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| | A) | dehydration
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| | B) | deamination
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| | C) | lysis
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| | D) | none of the above
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16 | |
Protein is needed primarily to accomplish all of the following except
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| | A) | supply energy
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| | B) | create new cell parts
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| | C) | make enzymes
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| | D) | create hormones
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17 | |
The rate of an enzyme-controlled pathway is determined by a
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| | A) | chemical on-off switch
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| | B) | regulatory enzyme
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| | C) | rate-setting hormone
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| | D) | substrate-lysing substance
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18 | |
We inherit traits from both our parents because
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| | A) | DNA contains genes that are the carriers of inheritance
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| | B) | the sex cells from each parent join at conception to bring together genetic information unique for the new individual
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| | C) | messenger RNA carries the genetic code
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| | D) | our species, Homo sapiens, reproduces sexually
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19 | |
The "backbone" of DNA is composed of alternating
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| | A) | strands of thymine and cytosine
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| | B) | phosphate and sugar molecule
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| | C) | nucleotides joined so that phosphate and sugar portions alternate
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| | D) | alternating organic bases and nucleotides
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20 | |
Which of the following base pairs of DNA is correct?
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| | A) | thymine and cytosine
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| | B) | guanine and adenine
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| | C) | guanine and thymine
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| | D) | adenine and thymine
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21 | |
Genetic information must tell cells
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| | A) | what elements to combine in synthesizing protein
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| | B) | the kinds of bonds between elements that must be formed
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| | C) | how to position amino acids correctly in polypeptide chains
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| | D) | the position of phosphate and sugar molecules in the DNA "backbone"
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22 | |
RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules in all of the following ways except
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| | A) | RNA molecules are single rather than double stranded
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| | B) | RNA molecules are found in both the nucleus and in cytoplasm
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| | C) | there are two forms of RNA
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| | D) | RNA molecules contain thymine and uracil
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23 | |
Which of the following statements about RNA is (are) true?
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| | A) | RNA polymerase moves along a DNA molecule and separates the DNA strand exposing the nucleotides.
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| | B) | A triplet of nucleotides in mRNA that specifies the amino acid to be formed is a codon.
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| | C) | both
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| | D) | neither
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24 | |
The function of DNA is to |
| | A) | direct the activities of the cell |
| | B) | direct the synthesis of protein by the cell |
| | C) | both |
| | D) | neither |
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25 | |
DNA molecules are replicated during what phase of the cell cycle?
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| | A) | prophase
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| | B) | anaphase
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| | C) | interphase
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| | D) | metaphase
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26 | |
DNA of the parent cell must be replicated accurately so that the new cell can
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| | A) | maintain life functions
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| | B) | build cell parts
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| | C) | metabolize nutrients
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| | D) | all of the above
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27 | |
The occurrence of mutations may be
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| | A) | spontaneous
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| | B) | a result of exposure to ionizing radiation and toxic chemicals
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| | C) | both
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| | D) | neither
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28 | |
Enzymes are specialized proteins that control each of the interrelated reactions of metabolism.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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29 | |
A protein is a chain of less than 50 amino acids.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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30 | |
Hydrolysis occurs during digestion.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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31 | |
Enzymes recognize the specific shape of the substrate with which they react.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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32 | |
Energy can be mechanical, chemical, and thermal.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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33 | |
The major difference between burning substances outside cells and oxidation of substances inside cells is in the amount of heat produced.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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34 | |
Anaerobic respiration requires oxygen.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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35 | |
The function of ATP is to store energy in its terminal phosphate bond.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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36 | |
The end product of carbohydrate digestion is glycogen.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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37 | |
The primary use of carbohydrates is as energy sources.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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38 | |
Production of the high energy terminal phosphate bond of ATP depends on oxygen.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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39 | |
Ketone bodies are a product of glucose metabolism.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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40 | |
Gram for gram, fats contain more energy than either proteins or carbohydrates.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education