 |
1 | |
The field of psychology that studies physical, perceptual, cognitive, and psychosocial changes across the life span is known as _______ psychology. |
| | A) | cognitive |
| | B) | evolutionary |
| | C) | clinical |
| | D) | developmental |
|
|
2 | |
A research design in which the same group of participants is tested or observed repeatedly over a period of time is known as: |
| | A) | longitudinal research |
| | B) | cross-sectional research |
| | C) | correlational research |
| | D) | experimental research |
|
|
3 | |
The research method in which groups of participants of different ages are compared at the same point in time is known as: |
| | A) | longitudinal research |
| | B) | cross-sectional research |
| | C) | correlational research |
| | D) | experimental research |
|
|
4 | |
The prenatal period that lasts from conception through the second week is the: |
| | A) | germinal stage |
| | B) | embryonic stage |
| | C) | fetal stage |
| | D) | teratogen stage |
|
|
5 | |
The period of human development that extends from birth until the onset of puberty is known as: |
| | A) | childhood |
| | B) | infancy |
| | C) | prenatal stage |
| | D) | embryonic stage |
|
|
6 | |
According to Piaget, as the infant progresses from reflexive, instinctual action at birth to the beginning of symbolic thought, the infant is in the _______ stage of cognitive development. |
| | A) | formal operational |
| | B) | concrete operational |
| | C) | preoperational |
| | D) | sensorimotor |
|
|
7 | |
According to Piaget, the cognitive process that interprets new information in light of existing schemas is known as: |
| | A) | conservation |
| | B) | assimilation |
| | C) | accommodation |
| | D) | object permanence |
|
|
8 | |
During the Piagetian preoperational stage, ________ represents the inability to perceive reality from the perspective of another person. |
| | A) | egocentrism |
| | B) | transitive inference |
| | C) | assimilation |
| | D) | accommodation |
|
|
9 | |
Erikson's psychosocial developmental stage in which success is achieved by having a secure social attachment with a caregiver is known as: |
| | A) | autonomy versus shame and doubt |
| | B) | integrity versus despair |
| | C) | generativity versus stagnation |
| | D) | trust versus mistrust |
|
|
10 | |
The successful resolution of the conflict in Erikson's psychosocial developmental stage known _______ as results in the experience of a unified sense of self. |
| | A) | autonomy versus shame and doubt |
| | B) | identity versus role confusion |
| | C) | generativity versus stagnation |
| | D) | trust versus mistrust |
|
|
11 | |
Noted psychologist Mary Ainsworth studied early attachment in humans using which of the following methods? |
| | A) | psychosocial development |
| | B) | social attachment |
| | C) | strange situation |
| | D) | industry versus inferiority |
|
|
12 | |
According to psychologist Diana Baumrind, which of the following parenting styles has been found to be the best approach? |
| | A) | democratic |
| | B) | authoritative |
| | C) | authoritarian |
| | D) | permissive |
|
|
13 | |
Which of the following parenting styles is most likely to be associated with physical discipline? |
| | A) | democratic |
| | B) | authoritative |
| | C) | authoritarian |
| | D) | permissive |
|
|
14 | |
According to Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development, which of the following stages involves the motivation to follow rational, mutually agreed-upon principles and maintain the respect of others? |
| | A) | punishment and obedience orientation |
| | B) | instrumental relativist orientation |
| | C) | social contract orientation |
| | D) | universal ethical principle orientation |
|
|
15 | |
Which of the following psychologists suggests that Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, and Erikson's Psychosocial Theory of Development apply primarily to male populations, with little applicability to female populations? |
| | A) | Gilligan |
| | B) | Ainsworth |
| | C) | Piaget |
| | D) | Freud |
|
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education