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Psychology 5/e Book Cover
Psychology, 5/e
Lester M. Sdorow, Arcadia University
Cheryl A. Rickabaugh, University of Redlands

Learning



1

A relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior resulting from experience is known as:
A)learning
B)memory
C)sensation
D)perception
2

In classical conditioning, the learned response given to a particular conditioned stimulus is known as the:
A)unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
B)unconditioned response (UCR)
C)conditioned stimulus (CS)
D)conditioned response (CR)
3

In classical conditioning, an unlearned, automatic response to a particular unconditioned stimulus is known as the:
A)unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
B)unconditioned response (UCR)
C)conditioned stimulus (CS)
D)conditioned response (CR)
4

Which of the following time intervals between the CS and the UCS in classical conditioning produces the strongest conditioning?
A)delayed
B)trace
C)backward
D)simultaneous
5

In classical conditioning, the gradual disappearance of the conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without being paired with the unconditioned stimulus is known as:
A)trace conditioning
B)stimulus discrimination
C)stimulus generalization
D)extinction
6

Susie, a five-year-old child, became nauseated after attending a friend's birthday party. Since then, she becomes nauseous at the thought of eating cake, and refuses to eat even her own birthday cake. This result is likely due to a conditioned:
A)response
B)stimulus
C)taste aversion
D)extinction
7

In 1920, John B. Watson experimentally induced a phobia in an infant later known as "Little Albert." What type of learning principle best explains Little Albert's phobia?
A)classical conditioning
B)operant conditioning
C)instrumental conditioning
D)law of effect
8

Edward Thorndike's principle that a behavior followed by a satisfying state of affairs is strengthened and a behavior followed by an annoying state of affairs is weakened became known as:
A)classical conditioning
B)operant conditioning
C)instrumental conditioning
D)law of effect
9

Which learning principle states that a behavior that has a higher probability of occurrence can be used as a positive reinforcer for a behavior than one that has a lower probability of occurrence?
A)spontaneous recovery
B)Thorndike's Law
C)Premack principle
D)law of effect
10

In operant conditioning, a neutral stimulus that becomes reinforcing after being associated with a primary reinforcer is known as_____:
A)shaping
B)secondary reinforcer
C)primary reinforcer
D)discriminative stimulus
11

An operant conditioning procedure that involves the positive reinforcement of successive approximations of an initially improbable behavior to eventually bring about that behavior is known as:
A)shaping
B)secondary reinforcer
C)primary reinforcer
D)discriminative stimulus
12

While training her puppy to "sit," Susie rewards the dog every instance the dog correctly responds to the "sit" command. What schedule of reinforcement is used?
A)continuous schedule
B)variable interval schedule
C)fixed ratio schedule
D)variable ratio schedule
13

After every third home run by an individual little-league baseball player, the coach rewards the player. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?
A)continuous schedule
B)variable interval schedule
C)fixed ratio schedule
D)variable ratio schedule
14

In operant conditioning, the gradual disappearance of a response that is no longer followed by a reinforcer is known as:
A)escape learning
B)avoidance learning
C)spontaneous recovery
D)extinction
15

The reversion of animals to behaviors characteristic of their species even when being reinforced for performing other behaviors is known as:
A)behavioral preparedness
B)instinctive drift
C)learned helplessness
D)blocking