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1 | |
A relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior resulting from experience is known as: |
| | A) | learning |
| | B) | memory |
| | C) | sensation |
| | D) | perception |
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2 | |
In classical conditioning, the learned response given to a particular conditioned stimulus is known as the: |
| | A) | unconditioned stimulus (UCS) |
| | B) | unconditioned response (UCR) |
| | C) | conditioned stimulus (CS) |
| | D) | conditioned response (CR) |
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3 | |
In classical conditioning, an unlearned, automatic response to a particular unconditioned stimulus is known as the: |
| | A) | unconditioned stimulus (UCS) |
| | B) | unconditioned response (UCR) |
| | C) | conditioned stimulus (CS) |
| | D) | conditioned response (CR) |
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4 | |
Which of the following time intervals between the CS and the UCS in classical conditioning produces the strongest conditioning? |
| | A) | delayed |
| | B) | trace |
| | C) | backward |
| | D) | simultaneous |
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5 | |
In classical conditioning, the gradual disappearance of the conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without being paired with the unconditioned stimulus is known as: |
| | A) | trace conditioning |
| | B) | stimulus discrimination |
| | C) | stimulus generalization |
| | D) | extinction |
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6 | |
Susie, a five-year-old child, became nauseated after attending a friend's birthday party. Since then, she becomes nauseous at the thought of eating cake, and refuses to eat even her own birthday cake. This result is likely due to a conditioned: |
| | A) | response |
| | B) | stimulus |
| | C) | taste aversion |
| | D) | extinction |
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7 | |
In 1920, John B. Watson experimentally induced a phobia in an infant later known as "Little Albert." What type of learning principle best explains Little Albert's phobia? |
| | A) | classical conditioning |
| | B) | operant conditioning |
| | C) | instrumental conditioning |
| | D) | law of effect |
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8 | |
Edward Thorndike's principle that a behavior followed by a satisfying state of affairs is strengthened and a behavior followed by an annoying state of affairs is weakened became known as: |
| | A) | classical conditioning |
| | B) | operant conditioning |
| | C) | instrumental conditioning |
| | D) | law of effect |
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9 | |
Which learning principle states that a behavior that has a higher probability of occurrence can be used as a positive reinforcer for a behavior than one that has a lower probability of occurrence? |
| | A) | spontaneous recovery |
| | B) | Thorndike's Law |
| | C) | Premack principle |
| | D) | law of effect |
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10 | |
In operant conditioning, a neutral stimulus that becomes reinforcing after being associated with a primary reinforcer is known as_____: |
| | A) | shaping |
| | B) | secondary reinforcer |
| | C) | primary reinforcer |
| | D) | discriminative stimulus |
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11 | |
An operant conditioning procedure that involves the positive reinforcement of successive approximations of an initially improbable behavior to eventually bring about that behavior is known as: |
| | A) | shaping |
| | B) | secondary reinforcer |
| | C) | primary reinforcer |
| | D) | discriminative stimulus |
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12 | |
While training her puppy to "sit," Susie rewards the dog every instance the dog correctly responds to the "sit" command. What schedule of reinforcement is used? |
| | A) | continuous schedule |
| | B) | variable interval schedule |
| | C) | fixed ratio schedule |
| | D) | variable ratio schedule |
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13 | |
After every third home run by an individual little-league baseball player, the coach rewards the player. What schedule of reinforcement is being used? |
| | A) | continuous schedule |
| | B) | variable interval schedule |
| | C) | fixed ratio schedule |
| | D) | variable ratio schedule |
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14 | |
In operant conditioning, the gradual disappearance of a response that is no longer followed by a reinforcer is known as: |
| | A) | escape learning |
| | B) | avoidance learning |
| | C) | spontaneous recovery |
| | D) | extinction |
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15 | |
The reversion of animals to behaviors characteristic of their species even when being reinforced for performing other behaviors is known as: |
| | A) | behavioral preparedness |
| | B) | instinctive drift |
| | C) | learned helplessness |
| | D) | blocking |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education