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1 | |
The psychological viewpoint that favors the study of how the mind organizes perceptions, processes information, and interprets experiences is known as: |
| | A) | cognitive psychology |
| | B) | clinical psychology |
| | C) | biopsychology |
| | D) | industrial psychology |
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2 | |
A _________ concept is formed by identifying the specific features possessed by all things that the concept applies to. |
| | A) | prototype |
| | B) | logical |
| | C) | natural |
| | D) | trial and error |
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3 | |
A problem-solving rule or procedure that, when followed step by step, assures that a correct solution will be found is known as: |
| | A) | mental set |
| | B) | trial and error |
| | C) | algorithm |
| | D) | insight |
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4 | |
A(n) ________ represents a general principle that guides problem solving, though it does not guarantee a correct solution. |
| | A) | mental set |
| | B) | heuristic |
| | C) | algorithm |
| | D) | insight |
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5 | |
The cognitive process known as _________ thinking occurs when an individual freely considers a variety of potential solutions to artistic, literary, scientific, or practical problems. |
| | A) | heuristic |
| | B) | creative |
| | C) | convergent |
| | D) | divergent |
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6 | |
The inability to realize that a problem can be solved by using a familiar object in an unusual way is likely due to a mental set known as: |
| | A) | functional fixedness |
| | B) | divergent thinking |
| | C) | convergent thinking |
| | D) | creative thinking |
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7 | |
In decision making, the _______ represents the tendency to estimate the probability of an event by how easily relevant instances of it come to mind. |
| | A) | representative heuristic |
| | B) | availability heuristic |
| | C) | framing effects |
| | D) | functional fixedness |
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8 | |
Patient Jones is told that an operation has a 10 percent chance of failure, whereas patient Smith is told that the same operation has a 90 percent chance of success. If Jones chooses not to have the surgery, while Smith chooses to have the surgery, to what psychological phenomenon could you attribute this outcome? |
| | A) | representative heuristic |
| | B) | availability heuristic |
| | C) | framing effects |
| | D) | functional fixedness |
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9 | |
The characteristic of language marked by the ability to refer to objects and events that are not present is: |
| | A) | semanticity |
| | B) | generativity |
| | C) | displacement |
| | D) | phonology |
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10 | |
The set of rules that governs the proper use and combination of language symbols is |
| | A) | grammar |
| | B) | semanticity |
| | C) | generativity |
| | D) | phonology |
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11 | |
The smallest meaningful units of language are: |
| | A) | syntax |
| | B) | morphemes |
| | C) | phonemes |
| | D) | semantics |
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12 | |
The phenomenon of _______ describes the application of grammatical rules without making necessary exceptions to them. |
| | A) | telegraphic speech |
| | B) | underextension |
| | C) | overregularization |
| | D) | holophrastic speech |
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13 | |
The use of single words to represent whole phrases or sentences is known as: |
| | A) | telegraphic speech |
| | B) | underextension |
| | C) | overregularization |
| | D) | holophrastic speech |
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14 | |
Speech marked by reliance on nouns and verbs, while omitting other parts of speech, including articles and prepositions represents: |
| | A) | telegraphic speech |
| | B) | underextension |
| | C) | overregularization |
| | D) | holophrastic speech |
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15 | |
_________ grammar involves the rules by which languages generate surface structures from deep structures, and deep structures from surface structures. |
| | A) | syntax |
| | B) | semanticity |
| | C) | generativity |
| | D) | transformational |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education