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Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 4/e

Yunus A. Çengel, University of Nevada, Reno
Michael A. Boles, North Carolina State University

Thermodynamic Property Relations

Chapter Glossary

Clapeyron equation	after the French engineer and physicist E. Clapeyron (1799-1864), relates the enthalpy change associated with a phase change (such as the enthalpy of vaporization h_fg) from knowledge of P, v, and T data alone.



Clapeyron-Clausius equation	is used to determine the variation of saturation pressure with temperature.



Cyclic relation of partial derivatives	shows that the derivatives of a function of two variables are related in a cyclic manner.



Derivative of a function	f(x) with respect to x represents the rate of change of f with x. The derivative is equivalent to steepness of a curve at a point as measured by the slope of a line tangent to the curve at that point.



Enthalpy departure	is the difference between the enthalpy of a real gas and the enthalpy of the gas at an ideal gas state and it represents the variation of the enthalpy of a gas with pressure at a fixed temperature.



Enthalpy departure factor	is the nondimensionalized form of the enthalpy departure. Entropy departure is the difference between the entropy of a real gas at a given P and T and the entropy of the gas at an ideal gas state at the same P and T .



Entropy departure factor	is the nondimensionalized form of the entropy departure.



Generalized enthalpy departure chart	is a plot of the enthalpy departure factor as a function of reduced pressure and reduced temperature. It is used to determine the deviation of the enthalpy of a gas at a given P and T from the enthalpy of an ideal gas at the same T.



Generalized entropy departure chart	is a plot of the entropy departure factor as a function of reduced pressure and reduced temperature. It is used to determine the deviation of the entropy of a gas at a given P and T from the entropy of an ideal gas at the same P and T.



Gibbs function	g is defined as g = h - Ts.



Helmholtz function	a is defined as a = u - Ts



Inversion line	is the line that passes through the points of zero slope of constant-enthalpy lines or zero Joule-Thomson coefficient on the T-P diagram. The slopes of the h = constant lines are negative (m_JT< 0) at states to the right of the inversion line and positive (m_JT> 0) to the left of the inversion line.



Inversion temperature	is the temperature at a point where a constant-enthalpy line intersects the inversion line.



Isothermal compressibility	relates how volume changes when pressure changes when temperature is held constant.



Joule-Thomson coefficient	_JT is a measure of the change in temperature with pressure during a constant-enthalpy process.



Maximum inversion temperature	is the temperature at the intersection of the P= 0 line (ordinate) on the T-P diagram and the upper part of the inversion line.



Maxwell relations	are equations that relate the partial derivatives of properties P, v, T, and s of a simple compressible system to each other.



Mayer relation	named in honor of the German physician and physicist J. R. Mayer (1814-1878, shows how the difference between the constant-pressure specific heat and constant-volume specific heat is related to the specific volume, temperature, isothermal compressibility, and volume expansivity.



Partial derivative	is the change in a function that depends on two (or more) variables, such as z = z (x, y), when allowing one variable to change while holding the others constant and observing the change in the function as another variable is held constant. The variation of z(x, y) with x when y is held constant is called the partial derivativeof z with respect to x.



Reciprocity relation	shows that the inverse of a partial derivative is equal to its reciprocal.



Total differential	of a dependent variable in terms of its partial derivatives with respect to the independent variables is expressed as, for z = z (x, y),



Volume expansivity	(also called the coefficient of volumetric expansion) relates how volume changes when temperature changes when pressure is held constant.

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