Yunus A. Çengel,
University of Nevada, Reno
Michael A. Boles,
North Carolina State University
| Adiabatic process | is a process during which there is no heat transfer. The word adiabatic comes from the Greek word adiabatos, which means not to be passed.
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| Boundary work | (PdV work) is the work associated with the expansion or compression of a gas in a piston-cylinder device. Boundary work is the area under the process curve on a P-V diagram equal, in magnitude, to the work done during a quasi-equilibrium expansion or compression process of a closed system.
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| Conduction | is the transfer of energy from the more energetic particles of a substance to the adjacent less energetic ones as a result of interaction between particles.
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| Conservation of mass principle | is expressed as net mass transfer to or from a system during a process equal to the net change (increase or decrease) in the total mass of the system during that process.
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| Continuity equation | is the conservation of mass equation as it is often referred to in fluid mechanics.
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| Convection | is the transfer of energy between a solid surface and the adjacent fluid that is in motion, and it involves the combined effects of conduction and fluid motion.
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| Electrical work | is work done on a system as electrons in a wire move under the effect of electromotive forces while crossing the system boundary.
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| Energy transport by mass | is the product of the mass of the flowing fluid and its total energy. The rate of energy transport by mass is the product of the mass flow rate and the total energy of the flow.
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| Flow work, or flow energy | is work required to push mass into or out of control volumes. On a unit mass basis this energy is equivalent to the product of the pressure and specific volume of the mass Pv.
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| Formal sign convention | (classical thermodynamics sign convention) for heat and work interactions is as follows: heat transfer to a system and work done by a system are positive; heat transfer from a system and work done on a system are negative.
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| Heat | is defined as the form of energy that is transferred between two systems (or a system and its surroundings) by virtue of a temperature difference.
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| Mass flow rate | is the amount of mass flowing through a cross section per unit time.
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| Polytropic process | is a process in which pressure and volume are often related by PVn= C, where n and C are constants, during expansion and compression processes of real gases.
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| Radiation | is the transfer of energy due to the emission of electromagnetic waves (or photons).
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| Rate of heat transfer | is the amount of heat transferred per unit time.
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| Shaft work | is energy transmitted by a rotating shaft and is the related to the torque T applied to the shaft and the number of revolutions of the shaft per unit time.
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| Spring work | is the work done to change the length of a spring.
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| Surface tension | is the force per unit length used to overcome the microscopic forces between molecules at the liquid-air interfaces.
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| Total energy of a flowing fluid | is the sum of the enthalpy, kinetic, and potential energies of the flowing fluid.
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| Volume flow rate | is the volume of the fluid flowing through a cross section per unit time.
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| Work | is the energy transfer associated with a force acting through a distance.
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education