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Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 4/e

Yunus A. Çengel, University of Nevada, Reno
Michael A. Boles, North Carolina State University

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Learning Objectives

I.

Introduce the second law of thermodynamics, which asserts that processes occur in a certain direction and that energy has quality as well as quantity.

II.

Identify valid processes as those that satisfy both the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

III.

Introduce the concepts of thermal energy reservoirs, reversible and irreversible processes, heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps.

IV.

Describe the Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements of the second law of thermodynamics.

V.

Discuss the concepts of perpetual-motion machines.

VI.

Apply the second law of thermodynamics to cycles and cyclic devices.

VII.

Apply the second law to determine the absolute thermodynamic temperature scale.

VIII.

Describe the Carnot cycle.

IX.

Examine the Carnot principles, idealized Carnot heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps.

X.

Discuss the energy conservation associated with the use of household refrigerators.

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