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1 | |
Which of the following ages in human history is marked by the origin of manufactured stone tools? |
|
| | A) | Paleolithic |
| | B) | Mesolithic |
| | C) | Neolithic |
| | D) | Cenolithic |
|
2 | |
Under the "hunting hypothesis," human mental ability, social cooperation, and aggression increased as a consequence of being hunted by large carnivores in Africa. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
3 | |
The brain of Homo erectus was larger than that of Homo habilis. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
4 | |
Why is the notion of a "missing link" between modern apes and humans inaccurate? |
|
| | A) | Humans do not share a common ancestor with modern apes. |
| | B) | Humans evolved from a common ancestor shared with modern apes, not from modern apes themselves. |
| | C) | Humans arose suddenly from the modern ape lineage due to a single Hox mutation, so there are no intermediates. |
| | D) | none of the above |
|
5 | |
How long ago does Homo erectus first appear in the fossil record? |
|
| | A) | 65.3 million years ago |
| | B) | 6.5 million years ago |
| | C) | 1.2 million years ago |
| | D) | 400,000 years ago |
|
6 | |
Which of the following is NOT true about Neandertals? |
|
| | A) | Neandertal skull morphology is identical to that of modern humans. |
| | B) | Neandertals coexisted for a time with modern humans. |
| | C) | Neandertals lived in Western Europe. |
| | D) | Some Neandertal populations buried their dead. |
|
7 | |
Anatomically modern humans were present in East Africa around 160,000 years ago. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
8 | |
Homo sapiens in Europe about 40,000 years ago had less elaborate cultural behaviors than the Neandertals already living there. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
9 | |
The human lineage provides an example of mosaic evolution because different characteristic features, such as hair reduction, bipedalism, and brain size, evolved at different times during human evolutionary history. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
10 | |
Geographic variation in human phenotypic traits is always a consequence of culture rather than of biological adaptation to local conditions. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
11 | |
What is the most likely evolutionary explanation for geographic variation in human skin color? |
|
| | A) | All variation is due to physiological, rather than evolutionary, adaptation—people from regions that receive a lot of UV radiation get tanned, and people from low-UV areas stay pale. |
| | B) | People from regions that receive a lot of UV radiation are paler so they can synthesize folate, and people from low-UV areas are darker so they can resist the damaging effects of UV radiation. |
| | C) | People from areas that receive a lot of UV radiation are darker so they can resist the damaging effects of UV radiation, and people from low-UV areas are paler so they can synthesize enough vitamin D to meet their needs. |
| | D) | none of the above |
|
12 | |
Why does the author guess that reduction in body hair first evolved in Homo erectus/ergaster? |
|
| | A) | Homo erectus likely foraged over long distances and was probably subject to heat stress. |
| | B) | Homo erectus, like all non-human mammals, probably couldn't sweat. |
| | C) | Homo erectus had not yet evolved the ability to hunt large game, so its diet was inadequate for maintaining a thick coat of hair. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
|
13 | |
Human language is unique among animals because |
|
| | A) | it is used to communicate. |
| | B) | it is an open system of communication. |
| | C) | it is used in social situations. |
| | D) | it lacks syntax. |
|
14 | |
Under the multiregional theory, Homo erectus arose in Europe and spread to Africa and Asia, where it evolved into Homo sapiens. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
15 | |
Which of the following has NOT been suggested as a possible route by which humans reached the Americas? |
|
| | A) | by foot across Beringia |
| | B) | by boat along the coast of Beringia |
| | C) | by boat across the Atlantic |
| | D) | by foot via Greenland |
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