 |
1 | |
Speciation is an inevitable consequence of the process of natural selection. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
2 | |
The Biological Species Concept cannot be applied to asexual organisms. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
3 | |
A paleospecies is |
|
| | A) | a species that lived in the past but is now extinct. |
| | B) | a group of fossil organisms that could interbreed and were reproductively isolated from other such groups. |
| | C) | a chronological series of morphologically similar fossil forms that changed gradually over time. |
| | D) | a group of fossil organisms that are genetically more similar to each other than they are to those in other groups. |
|
4 | |
What is the criterion by which species are defined under the Biological Species Concept? |
|
| | A) | reproductive isolation |
| | B) | morphological similarity |
| | C) | genetic similarity |
| | D) | more than one of the above |
|
5 | |
Populations that are geographically separated from each other are said to be |
|
| | A) | sympatric. |
| | B) | allopatric. |
| | C) | ecopatric. |
| | D) | paleopatric. |
|
6 | |
When a geographic barrier divides a single species into two allopatric populations, natural selection favoring the evolution of reproductive isolation occurs in each population. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
7 | |
Which of the following is NOT a step toward allopatric speciation? |
|
| | A) | Two squirrel populations, which were previously a single population, live on opposite rims of a canyon and differ in several morphological features. |
| | B) | The rise of an isthmus cuts a shrimp population in two, cutting off gene flow between the two new populations. |
| | C) | A river dries up; two populations of ants that had been geographically isolated since the appearance of the river come into contact but cannot interbreed. |
| | D) | Polyploidy in a hybrid plant prevents backcrossing with either parent species. |
|
8 | |
Which of the following is NOT a prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism between two species? |
|
| | A) | exploitation of different microhabitats in sympatry |
| | B) | female preference for species-specific male plumage color |
| | C) | production of pollen at different times of the year |
| | D) | failure of hybrid offspring to develop into adults |
|
9 | |
When there is secondary contact between two populations that show incomplete reproductive isolation, natural selection will directly favor the evolution of greater postzygotic isolating mechanisms. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
10 | |
A cline is |
|
| | A) | a geographical character gradient within a species. |
| | B) | a species that is tolerant of cold temperatures. |
| | C) | a species that diverged in allopatry. |
| | D) | a case of parallelism. |
|
11 | |
Phenotypic variation along a geographical gradient of temperature is always due to physiological adjustments to cold or warm conditions rather than to genetic differentiation. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
12 | |
Parallel and convergent evolution occur when |
|
| | A) | a population is divided by a geographic barrier and different selective pressures act on the two resulting populations. |
| | B) | similar habitats exert similar selective pressures on organisms of different species, leading to phenotypic similarities among the species. |
| | C) | two different characters vary in a single species along a north-south or east-west cline. |
| | D) | none of the above |
|
13 | |
Which of the following has NOT been proposed as an explanation of the temperate-to-tropic increase in species numbers observed in a number of taxonomic groups? |
|
| | A) | Species have had longer to evolve in temperate regions, so more temperate than tropical species have gone extinct. |
| | B) | More species can tolerate the relatively stable climate of the tropics than can tolerate the more seasonally extreme climate of temperate regions. |
| | C) | Complex tropical forests favor higher speciation rates than less complex temperate forests. |
| | D) | Tropical areas receive more sunlight annually than temperate areas, allowing more photosynthesis, which supports more species higher up the food chain. |
|
14 | |
In a ring species, reproductive isolation has evolved between populations at the overlapping clinal extremes. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
15 | |
Convergent evolution can generate homoplasy. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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