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1 | |
In which of the following ways did the Washburn Expedition affect U.S. conservation? |
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| | A) | led to the establishment of Yellowstone National Park |
| | B) | initiated the general concept of conservation reserves |
| | C) | led to involvement of the federal government in conservation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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2 | |
Why is Rachel Carson credited with initiating the U.S. environmental movement? |
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| | A) | Her book Silent Spring inspired environmental activism and legislation. |
| | B) | She was not a scientist, so she was able to write in a general style that appealed to the public. |
| | C) | Her writing was focused on small-scale, local problems related to particular sources of pollution, such as factories. |
| | D) | She emphasized the role of economic values in conservation. |
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3 | |
John Muir was active in all the following EXCEPT: |
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| | A) | campaigning to protect the Sierra Nevada Mountains |
| | B) | establishing The Nature Conservancy |
| | C) | creating the model for nongovernmental organizations, or NGOs |
| | D) | arguing that the best "uses" of nature were spiritual, aesthetic, and recreational |
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4 | |
How did Theodore Roosevelt's views about conservation differ from those of John Muir? |
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| | A) | Unlike Muir, Roosevelt wanted to prevent logging and mining corporations from destroying western public lands. |
| | B) | Roosevelt viewed federal regulation as a necessary part of conservation; Muir believed the federal ownership was not necessary to protect public lands. |
| | C) | Roosevelt was in favor of granting large western land holdings to industrial logging and mining operations; Muir wanted to protect western lands. |
| | D) | Roosevelt espoused the resource conservation ethic, whereas Muir was a preservationist. |
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5 | |
Who was Gifford Pinchot? |
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| | A) | founder of the Sierra Club |
| | B) | a preservationist |
| | C) | administrator of the U.S. Forest Service |
| | D) | father of the romantic-transcendentalist ethic |
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6 | |
Which U.S. conservationist is credited with coupling values (the "land ethic") with applied science in an academic setting? |
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| | A) | Aldo Leopold |
| | B) | John Muir |
| | C) | Gifford Pinchot |
| | D) | Frederic Clements |
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7 | |
Leopold's "A-B cleavage" referred to: |
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| | A) | a type of experimentation in ecology |
| | B) | tension between traditional applied sciences and conservation |
| | C) | tension between hunters and nonhunters |
| | D) | different ways of regulating wildlife harvest |
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8 | |
Which of the following is NOT a distinctive trait of conservation biology? |
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| | A) | Conservation biology is value laden and value driven. |
| | B) | Conservation biologists emphasize biodiversity, not the management of single species. |
| | C) | Conservation biology is mission oriented. |
| | D) | Conservation biologists disregard the role of evolution. |
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9 | |
What discipline was referred to as "conservation biology" in a 1937 journal article? |
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| | A) | wildlife ecology |
| | B) | genetics |
| | C) | environmental ethics |
| | D) | environmental science |
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10 | |
Inbreeding depression, genetic drift, hybridization, and fixation of harmful alleles are particularly problematic for: |
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| | A) | conserving landscapes |
| | B) | conserving large populations |
| | C) | conserving habitats |
| | D) | conserving small populations |
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11 | |
_______ is random fluctuation in gene frequencies due to nonrepresentative mating. |
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| | A) | Genetic drift |
| | B) | Migration |
| | C) | Inbreeding depression |
| | D) | Introgression |
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12 | |
Which of the following is NOT a component of metapopulation theory? |
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| | A) | population persistence determined by balance between extinction and colonization |
| | B) | suitable habitat patches in an otherwise unsuitable landscape |
| | C) | inability of organisms to move among patches |
| | D) | demographic, environmental, and genetic uncertainty |
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13 | |
Which of the following is a true statement about conservation biology? |
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| | A) | Economics does not play a role in conservation biology. |
| | B) | Conservation biology emphasizes single-species management. |
| | C) | Human values are not an issue in conservation biology. |
| | D) | Conservation biology is integrative and multidisciplinary. |
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14 | |
One of the ethical foundations of conservation biology is that all living creatures possess ______ value. |
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| | A) | economic |
| | B) | utilitarian |
| | C) | intrinsic |
| | D) | aesthetic |
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15 | |
The "land Sabbath" concept is derived from: |
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| | A) | ancient Greek philosophy |
| | B) | Judaism |
| | C) | European royalty |
| | D) | nineteenth-century American philosophy |
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16 | |
Briefly state two of Aldo Leopold's primary contributions to U.S. conservation. |
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17 | |
List three of the five major problems addressed by conservation biologists. |
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18 | |
Briefly define a metapopulation. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education