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1 | |
An ethic is: |
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| | A) | a general basis for an estimation of worth |
| | B) | a legal principle related to a specific situation |
| | C) | a systematic organization of values |
| | D) | a principle for conduct and behavior |
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2 | |
Under the view of science as value free (or "value neutral"), |
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| | A) | scientists offer humanity knowledge about what and how things are. |
| | B) | scientists offer a vision of how things ought to be. |
| | C) | facts and truth are affected by the convictions of investigators. |
| | D) | scientists advocate particular applications of science to problems. |
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3 | |
______ measures the usefulness of a creature or object in meeting a need or providing a service. |
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| | A) | Opportunity value |
| | B) | Intrinsic value |
| | C) | Existence value |
| | D) | Instrumental value |
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4 | |
Whenever a resource is used, ______ represent the loss of that resource for other purposes. |
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| | A) | public costs |
| | B) | option costs |
| | C) | quasi-option costs |
| | D) | opportunity costs |
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5 | |
If you want to preserve biodiversity for the benefit of future generations, you are emphasizing: |
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| | A) | option value |
| | B) | bequest value |
| | C) | use value |
| | D) | existence value |
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6 | |
Which of the following is not a tool of economic valuation? |
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| | A) | population viability analysis |
| | B) | cost-benefit analysis |
| | C) | safe minimum standard |
| | D) | contingent valuation |
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7 | |
Which of the following puts the burden of proof on proponents of development, rather than on conservationists? |
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| | A) | cost-benefit analysis |
| | B) | safe minimum standard |
| | C) | willingness to pay |
| | D) | willingness to accept compensation |
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8 | |
Critics of contingent valuation argue that: |
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| | A) | respondents intentionally give misleading answers |
| | B) | respondents greatly overestimate their willingness to pay for preserving species |
| | C) | values are clearly distinguished from benefits |
| | D) | only existence values, rather than instrumental values, are measured |
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9 | |
_______ asserts that values and rights apply to the biotic community, not to individual species. |
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| | A) | The Endangered Species Act |
| | B) | Contingent valuation |
| | C) | The Judeo-Christian tradition |
| | D) | Ecocentrism |
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10 | |
The Judeo-Christian Stewardship Ethic asserts that: |
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| | A) | God perceived intrinsic value in kinds of creatures |
| | B) | humans may use living things for their needs, but should not eradicate species |
| | C) | God made a covenant of preservation with all creatures, including humans |
| | D) | all of the above |
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11 | |
The Islamic concept of "viceregency" is analogous to the concept of _____ in the Judeo-Christian tradition. |
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| | A) | immanence |
| | B) | unity |
| | C) | stewardship |
| | D) | goodness |
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12 | |
The chipko movement to preserve forests is associated with: |
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| | A) | Hinduism |
| | B) | Islam |
| | C) | Judaism |
| | D) | Buddhism |
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13 | |
Norton's "convergence hypothesis" predicts: |
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| | A) | that ethical differences will split conservationists into opposing camps |
| | B) | that, despite ethical differences, conservationists are moving toward common values |
| | C) | that values do not matter in conservation |
| | D) | that all conservationists espouse the same ethical basis |
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14 | |
Teleology, deontology, and areteology are: |
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| | A) | categories of ethics |
| | B) | forms of Buddhism |
| | C) | subdisciplines of conservation biology |
| | D) | forms of Islam |
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15 | |
Which of Kellert's wildlife values and attitudes can be defined as "values associated with a species' possession of beauty or other qualities admired by humans"? |
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| | A) | moral |
| | B) | theistic |
| | C) | utilitarian |
| | D) | aesthetic |
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16 | |
Name two differences between cost-benefit analysis and the "safe minimum standard" (SMS) approach. |
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17 | |
State the difference between instrumental value and intrinsic value. |
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18 | |
Name two religious traditions with teachings relevant to the intrinsic value of biodiversity or species. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education