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Conservation Biology: Foundations, Concepts, Applications
Fred Van Dyke
The Historic and Foundational Paradigms of Conservation Biology

Practice Quizzing



1

_________________ provided empirical evidence that genetic variation is common in most populations.
A)Gel electrophoresis
B)Experiments in Mendelian genetics
C)The science of taxonomy
D)Population viability analysis
2

The _______________paradigm focuses on factors responsible for population decline.
A)metapopulation
B)small-population
C)island biogeography
D)declining-population
3

What is genetic drift?
A)mismatch between a population's phenotype and its environment
B)random fluctuation in gene frequencies due to nonrepresentative mating
C)direct mortality from homozygous recessive alleles
D)a result of natural selection
4

During a population bottleneck,
A)genetic variation declines.
B)population size drops drastically.
C)deleterious recessive alleles are exposed in homozygous condition.
D)all of the above
5

_______ is the probability that two alleles at the same locus are identical by descent.
A)Heterozygosity
B)The inbreeding coefficient
C)Genetic variation
D)Effective population size
6

The "50/500" rule was an important step in the development of the concept of:
A)effective population size
B)genetic drift
C)minimum viable population size
D)inbreeding coefficient
7

In the extinction vortex model, the ___ is associated with increased spatial fragmentation in a population.
A)A vortex
B)D vortex
C)F vortex
D)R vortex
8

_______ formulated the Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography.
A)MacArthur and Wilson
B)Gilpin and Soulé
C)Simberloff and Gotelli
D)Huffaker
9

The Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography predicts the highest equilibrium number of species for:
A)small islands near a colonizing source
B)small islands far from a colonizing source
C)large islands near a colonizing source
D)large islands far from a colonizing source
10

Which of the following is a "rule" of reserve design based on island biogeography?
A)Noncircular reserves are better than circular reserves.
B)Linear sequences of reserves are better than reserves at equal distances from one another.
C)Smaller reserves are better than larger reserves.
D)Connected reserves are better than unconnected reserves.
11

Spatially explicit metapopulation models assume differences in _______ between population subunits.
A)connectedness
B)geometry
C)environmental stochasticity
D)habitat quality
12

In source-sink metapopulation models, a "source" is identified by:
A)high abundance of a particular species
B)large patch size
C)production of population surpluses
D)poor-quality habitat
13

The "shifting mosaic" model of forest succession is based on the importance of:
A)genetic variation
B)habitat heterogeneity
C)the small-population paradigm
D)stepping-stone islands
14

Which of the following ideas characterizes the nonequilibrium paradigm in ecology?
A)progression toward a climax stage of succession
B)the balance of nature
C)ecosystems as superorganisms that arrive at stable species associations
D)importance of patchiness, heterogeneity, and disturbance in thermodynamically open systems
15

Which of the following is NOT an exogenous disturbance?
A)gap-phase replacement
B)fire
C)flooding
D)climate change
16

Name two species discussed in this chapter, and state the paradigm or conservation issues associated with the species.
17

What is "effective population size"?
18

List three of the major paradigms in conservation biology.








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