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1 | |
Which of the following statements about habitat is NOT true? |
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| | A) | Habitat use often differs from habitat availability. |
| | B) | Most species use more than one kind of habitat. |
| | C) | Habitats change over time. |
| | D) | All individuals in a population use habitat in the same way. |
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2 | |
________ is a form of spatial heterogeneity in which boundaries may be discerned among habitats. |
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| | A) | Patchiness |
| | B) | Connectedness |
| | C) | Evenness |
| | D) | Persistence |
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3 | |
If a lizard's life span is shorter than that of its preferred habitat, which of the following life-history traits will lizards (in this population) likely exhibit? |
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| | A) | high rates and distances of dispersal |
| | B) | limited dispersal |
| | C) | periods of dormancy to endure nonhabitat environments |
| | D) | nomadic behavior |
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4 | |
"The size of reserve fragments may be less important than their persistence over time." This statement argues that: |
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| | A) | spatial scale is more important than temporal scale |
| | B) | temporal scale is more important than spatial scale |
| | C) | neither temporal scale nor spatial scale matters for population persistence |
| | D) | natural disturbances, such as fire, should be prevented in reserve areas |
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5 | |
In conserving biodiversity, _____ is the most important ecological process to be managed. |
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| | A) | speciation |
| | B) | predation |
| | C) | succession |
| | D) | grazing |
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6 | |
Which of the following is a true statement about habitat loss and fragmentation? |
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| | A) | Fragmentation increases isolation of habitat patches. |
| | B) | Habitat loss has a more detrimental effect on edge species than on interior species. |
| | C) | Large fragments are more likely than small fragments to lose species over time. |
| | D) | As fragmentation increases, the amount of edge decreases. |
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7 | |
Edges typically _________ than interior habitats. |
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| | A) | have a higher proportion of native plant species |
| | B) | are less susceptible to wind damage and erosion |
| | C) | are cooler, more humid, and less susceptible to entry by nest predators |
| | D) | are warmer, less humid, and more susceptible to entry by nest predators |
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8 | |
Which of the following is not a task of gap analysis? |
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| | A) | map existing vegetation using satellite imagery |
| | B) | identify "hot spots" of biodiversity |
| | C) | map public lands and private conservation lands |
| | D) | compare species distributions with the network of conservation lands |
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9 | |
Connectivity exists among landscape elements only if: |
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| | A) | patches or reserves are close together |
| | B) | patches or reserves are large |
| | C) | individuals move between connected patches or reserves |
| | D) | habitat fragmentation has not occurred |
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10 | |
The conceptual basis of corridors: |
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| | A) | is founded on a single, widely accepted definition of corridor |
| | B) | exempts corridor research from the need for controls (patches without corridors) |
| | C) | is well supported by empirical evidence that corridors provide connectivity |
| | D) | arose from the theory of island biogeography |
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11 | |
Why is the case history of the Line Creek elk herd instructive for conservation? |
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| | A) | It illustrates that conservation must incorporate management of human activity outside reserves. |
| | B) | It illustrates principles of mitigation. |
| | C) | It illustrates the importance of monitoring before, during, and after human disturbance to determine if detrimental effects occur. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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12 | |
A landscape unit consisting of a fully protected core area, surrounded by zones of progressively more intense human use, is known as a: |
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| | A) | multiple-use module |
| | B) | metapopulation |
| | C) | corridor |
| | D) | patchy landscape |
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13 | |
What is habitat? |
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| | A) | an organism's physical and biological surroundings |
| | B) | an organism's ecological role in a community |
| | C) | another name for a nature reserve |
| | D) | a landscape feature that does not change over time |
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14 | |
In Fahrig's (1997) simulation model of fragmentation and loss of breeding habitat, |
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| | A) | no populations survived if any of the breeding habitat was lost. |
| | B) | all populations survived as long as 80% of the total area was in breeding habitat. |
| | C) | all populations survived as long as 20% of the total area was in breeding habitat. |
| | D) | the degree of fragmentation was important, no matter what proportion of the breeding habitat remained. |
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15 | |
In Bennett's (1987) study of forest fragmentation in Australia, |
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| | A) | smaller fragments consistently had more species. |
| | B) | introduced species were more common in small forest fragments than in larger fragments. |
| | C) | smaller-bodied species were less tolerant of fragmentation than larger-bodied species. |
| | D) | fragmentation led to larger resident populations. |
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16 | |
Name three ways of managing succession for conservation. |
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17 | |
Name two potential disadvantages of corridors. |
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18 | |
Name three of the five principles of mitigation illustrated by the Line Creek elk case study. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education