Concepts | Questions | Media Resources |
2.1 Basic Chemistry All matter is composed of elements, each having one type of atom.Atoms react with one another, forming molecules, and compounds. | 1. In what ways do the atoms of one element differ from those of another element? Answer2. When do ionic and covalent bonds form? Answer | Essential Study Partner Basic Chemistry Atoms Bonds Art Quizzes Electron Energy LevelsAnimation Quizzes Atomic Structure Covalent Bond Ionic Bond |
2.2 Water and Living Things The existence of living things is dependent on the characteristics of water.The hydrogen ion concentration in water changes when acids or bases are added to water. | 3. List two features of water molecules that give rise to all the beneficial attributes of water. Answer4. What are acids and bases, and how do living things regulate pH? Answer | Essential Study Partner Water Water Properties pH Acid Rain Art Quizzes Molecular Structure of Water Water as a Solvent pH Scale Acid PrecipitationStudy Guide The Special Properties of Water |
2.3 Organic Molecules Macromolecules are polymers that arise when their specific monomers (unit molecules) join together. | 5. Describe an organic molecule. Answer6. What types of bonds to organic molecules contain? Answer | Essential Study Partner Organic ChemistryGeneral Biology Weblinks BiochemistryStudy Guide Four Biologically Important Molecules |
2.4 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates function as a ready source of energy in most organisms.Glucose is a simple sugar; starch, glycogen, and cellulose are polymers of glucose.Cellulose lends structural support to plant cell walls. | 7. List several functions of carbohydrates in animal and plant cells. Answer8. What monomer makes up carbohydrates? Answer | Essential Study Partner CarbohydratesArt Quizzes Disaccharides |
2.5 Lipids Lipids are varied molecules.Fats and oils, which function in long-term energy storage, are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.Sex hormones are derived from cholesterol, a complex ring compound. | 9. How do saturated fatty acids differ from unsaturated fatty acids? Answer10. How does the structure of fats differ from that of phospholipids? Answer | Essential Study Partner LipidsArt Quizzes Saturated and Unsaturated Fats |
2.6 Proteins Proteins help form structures (e.g., muscles and membranes) and function as enzymes.Proteins are polymers of amino acids. | 11. What are some of the many functions of proteins in cells? Answer12. Why does denaturation of a protein cause it to stop functioning? Answer | Essential Study Partner ProteinsExplorations How Proteins FunctionGeneral Biology Weblinks Protein Structure and FunctionArt Quizzes Peptide Bond |
2.7 Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.The human genome is composed of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA specifies the correct ordering of amino acids into proteins, with RNA as intermediary. | 13. Are the building blocks of nucleic acids the same for RNA and DNA? Answer14. What is the role of the nucleotide ATP in the cell? Answer | Essential Study Partner Nucleic Acids Art Quizzes DNA Structure |