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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1

The smallest unit of matter that can enter into chemical reactions and is nondivisible by chemical means is called a(an) ______.
A)nucleus
B)atom
C)element
D)molecule
E)compound
2

What does the nucleus of an atom contain?
A)electrons
B)protons
C)neutrons
D)protons and electrons
E)protons and neutrons
3

The atomic weight of an atom is equal to the number of ______ plus the number of ______.
A)electrons, protons
B)electrons, neutrons
C)protons, neutrons
D)protons, isotopes
E)isotopes, ions
4

Atomic weights have a single exact value for each element.
A)True
B)False
5

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Electrons have a negative charge and equal the number of neutrons.
B)Electrons have a negative charge and equal the number of protons.
C)Protons have a positive charge and equal the number of neutrons.
D)Protons have a positive charge and are the main unit that helps bond atoms to each other.
6

Electrons that have the greatest amount of energy are located in shells farthest from the nucleus.
A)True
B)False
7

What determines the chemical properties of an atom?
A)the number of electrons in the first shell
B)the number of electrons in the outer shell
C)the number of protons in the first shell
D)the number of protons in the outer shell
E)the number of neutrons in the outer shell
8

In an electrically neutral atom, the number of ______ is equal to the number of ______.
A)neutrons, electrons
B)protons, neutrons
C)protons, electrons
D)electrons, ions
E)electrons, isotopes
9

The carbon atom has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic weight of 12. Therefore, a carbon atom has ______ protons.
A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8
E)12
10

______ are atoms that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons.
A)Emulsifiers
B)Isotopes
C)Molecules
D)Compounds
E)Salts
11

Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic weight of 35. When chlorine becomes the chloride ion, its charge is ______.
A)plus 1
B)plus 7
C)negative 1
D)negative 7
E)negative 8
12

Chlorine has an atomic number of 17. How many electrons are in the outermost shell?
A)1
B)7
C)8
D)2
E)5
13

The sodium atom has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic number of 23. Therefore, there are two electrons in the outermost orbit.
A)True
B)False
14

The molecule, K+Cl-, is held together by ______ bonds.
A)ionic
B)covalent
C)polar
D)hydrogen
E)James
15

Atoms such as sodium, potassium, calcium or hydrogen, all gain electrons and become negatively charged.
A)True
B)False
16

If an atom either gains or loses an electron, the atom is called a(an) ______.
A)element
B)nucleus
C)molecule
D)compound
E)ion
17

Double and triple bonds are ionic bonds where two or three electrons are lost or gained.
A)True
B)False
18

Atoms react with one another in order to achieve four electrons in their outer shell.
A)True
B)False
19

Which type of bond will share electrons between atoms?
A)ionic
B)covalent
C)hydrogen
D)peptide
20

When two nonmetal oxygen atoms (atomic number = 8) react with each other, they ______.
A)each give up two electrons
B)each take two electrons
C)each need six electrons
D)each need eight electrons
E)share electrons
21

Complete this chemical reaction: HCl + NaOH ---------->
A)NaOH + HCl
B)HCl + NaCl
C)NaOH + NaCl
D)NaCl + HOH
E)NaCl + HCl
22

In this reaction, K + Cl -----> K+Cl-, which element has been reduced?
A)potassium
B)chlorine
C)both potassium and chlorine
D)sodium
23

Oxidation refers to the ______.
A)loss of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms
B)loss of electrons and the gain of hydrogen atoms
C)gain of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms
D)gain of electrons and the loss of hydrogen atoms
24

If there are three pairs of electrons that are shared between two atoms, a(an) ______ is formed.
A)single bond
B)double bond
C)triple bond
D)ionic bond
E)hydrogen bond
25

Suppose that you have this chemical formula: 5 H2O. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)There are five molecules of water.
B)Water is composed of three different kinds of atoms.
C)There are two atoms of hydrogen for every one atom of oxygen in one water molecule.
D)There is a total of five oxygen atoms present.
E)There is a total of 10 hydrogen atoms present.
26

An individual water molecule is held together by ______.
A)ionic bonds
B)covalent bonds
C)hydrogen bonds
D)peptide bonds
27

Many water molecules are weakly held together by ______.
A)ionic bonds
B)covalent bonds
C)hydrogen bonds
D)peptide bonds
28

Which of the following statements is NOT a true characteristic of water?
A)Hydrogen bonding causes water molecules to be cohesive.
B)Without hydrogen bonding, water would be gaseous at room temperature.
C)Water absorbs a great deal of heat before it evaporates.
D)Water keeps an animal's body temperature within normal limits.
E)Because of hydrogen bonding, liquid water is less dense than ice.
29

Water, being a nonpolar molecule, acts as a solvent.
A)True
B)False
30

Bases, when added to water, increase the hydrogen ion concentration.
A)True
B)False
31

______ are molecules that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions.
A)Bases
B)Acids
C)Salts
D)Buffers
E)Carbohydrates
32

If the concentration of hydrogen ions was 1 x 10-6,, the pH is ______.
A)one
B)10
C)14
D)6
E)4
33

At which pH will the concentration of hydrogen ions be equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions?
A)pH 1
B)pH 5
C)pH 7
D)pH 9
E)pH 14
34

As the pH scale decreases, there is a two-fold increase in hydrogen ion concentration for every pH unit.
A)True
B)False
35

When hydrochloric acid, a strong acid, is added to water, the pH of water ______.
A)goes up
B)stays the same
C)goes down
D)goes first up and then down
36

______ are chemicals or combinations of chemicals that take up excess hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions in order to keep the pH constant.
A)Acids
B)Bases
C)Salts
D)Buffers
E)Carbohydrates
37

Acids have a pH that is greater than 7, whereas bases have a pH that is less than 7.
A)True
B)False
38

If the hydrogen ion concentration in water was 0.0000001, the pH is ______.
A)one
B)10
C)6
D)7
E)8
39

Which atoms are always found in organic molecules?
A)carbon and hydrogen
B)carbon and oxygen
C)carbon and nitrogen
D)oxygen and nitrogen
E)oxygen and hydrogen
40

Which of the following is NOT an organic molecule?
A)glucose
B)triglyceride
C)protein
D)water
E)DNA
41

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about organic molecules?
A)Organic molecules are often associated with living organisms.
B)Organic molecules always have ionic bonding between atoms.
C)Organic molecules always contain carbon and hydrogen.
D)Organic molecules may be quite large, with many atoms.
42

Carbohydrates are macromolecules composed of ______ monomers.
A)amino acid
B)monosaccharide
C)glycerol and fatty acid
D)nucleotide
43

______ is the process of splitting of a bond within a larger molecule by the addition of water.
A)Emulsification
B)Ionization
C)Dissociation
D)Condensation synthesis
E)Hydrolysis
44

______ is the process in which water is removed when two monomers join to form a macromolecule.
A)Emulsification
B)Ionization
C)Dissociation
D)Condensation synthesis
E)Hydrolysis
45

When dipeptide, disaccharide, and a triglyceride molecules are formed, water molecules are released during the condensation synthesis reaction of each.
A)True
B)False
46

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all monosaccharides with the same molecular formula C6H12O6.
A)True
B)False
47

Glucose is the immediate energy source of the body.
A)True
B)False
48

Pentoses are sugars that have six carbon atoms.
A)True
B)False
49

Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in plants.
A)True
B)False
50

Maltose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose.
A)True
B)False
51

Which type of organic molecule has the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms of approximately 2:1?
A)carbohydrates
B)lipids
C)proteins
D)nucleic acids
E)cholesterol
52

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all classified as ______.
A)fatty acids
B)amino acids
C)polysaccharides
D)disaccharides
E)monosaccharides
53

Which type of organic macromolecule is used primarily for energy and structure?
A)proteins
B)carbohydrates
C)lipids
D)nucleic acids
E)NaCl
54

Which of the following molecules is NOT a polysaccharide?
A)starch
B)glycogen
C)sucrose
D)cellulose
55

Which type of carbohydrate is found in plant cell walls and accounts in part for the strong nature of these walls?
A)glycogen
B)starch
C)cellulose
D)galactose
E)ribose
56

At room temperature, fats are liquids and oils are solids.
A)True
B)False
57

Glycerol and fatty acid are the monomers for most ______.
A)proteins
B)carbohydrates
C)lipids
D)nucleic acids
E)steroids
58

______ occurs when an oil droplet is dispersed in water.
A)Ionization
B)Saturation
C)Emulsification
D)Dissociation
E)Oxidation
59

A saturated fatty acid contains more ______ atoms than the same unsaturated fatty acid.
A)carbon
B)oxygen
C)nitrogen
D)phosphorus
E)hydrogen
60

When glycerol combines with three fatty acids, a (an) ______ molecule results.
A)steroid
B)phospholipid
C)monoglyceride
D)triglyceride
E)tripeptide
61

______ are lipids containing phosphorus that are very important in cell membranes.
A)Glycerol
B)Fatty acids
C)Triglycerides
D)Steroids
E)Phospholipids
62

A soap is a salt formed from an amino acid and an inorganic base.
A)True
B)False
63

Which type of organic molecule is used for long-term energy storage, insulation against heat loss, and forms a protective cushion around major organs?
A)carbohydrates
B)proteins
C)fats
D)nucleic acids
E)salts
64

Which type of lipid has four fused carbon rings?
A)cholesterol
B)triglyceride
C)phospholipid
D)DNA
E)maltose
65

Fats do not mix with water because they are polar molecules.
A)True
B)False
66

Which of the following molecules is NOT a steroid?
A)cholesterol
B)aldosterone
C)testosterone
D)estrogen
E)phospholipid
67

Which type of organic macromolecule represents a source of cell steroids and yet is found within membranes?
A)proteins
B)carbohydrates
C)cholesterol
D)nucleic acids
E)water
68

The polar portion of the phospholipid molecule (head) is soluble in water, whereas the two hydrocarbon chains (tails) are not.
A)True
B)False
69

A (An) ______ has a hydrocarbon chain (a string of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached) and ends with the acid group -COOH.
A)amino acid
B)fatty acid
C)steroid
D)phospholipid
E)monosaccharide
70

Proteins are polymers of ______.
A)amino acids
B)nucleotides
C)glycerol and fatty acid
D)monosaccharides
E)disaccharides
71

Amino acids are the same except for their R group.
A)True
B)False
72

What is the name of this functional group: -COOH ?
A)amino group
B)acidic group
C)hydrogen bond
D)peptide bond
E)saturated group
73

The bond that occurs between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid is termed a (an) ______ bond.
A)hydrogen
B)weak
C)peptide
D)ionic
E)covalent
74

A ______ is a string of 100-1000 amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
A)dipeptide
B)tripeptide
C)polypeptide
D)protein
E)nucleotide
75

Which of the following types of organic molecules have their monomers joined by a peptide bond?
A)proteins
B)lipids
C)carbohydrates
D)nucleic acids
E)salts
76

Oxygen and hydrogen atoms associated with a peptide bond share electrons in such a way that the oxygen carries a partial positive charge and the hydrogen carries a partial negative charge.
A)True
B)False
77

Which type of organic molecule sometimes has a structural role and may act as an enzyme?
A)proteins
B)lipids
C)carbohydrates
D)DNA
78

When a strong acid is added to milk, the milk curdles. This is an example of protein denaturation.
A)True
B)False
79

When proteins are exposed to extreme pH, they can undergo an irreversible change in shape.
A)True
B)False
80

What is the final three-dimensional shape of a protein called?
A)quaternary structure
B)tertiary structure
C)secondary structure
D)primary structure
E)molecular structure
81

The _______ structure of a protein is the linear sequence of the amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
A)quaternary
B)tertiary
C)secondary
D)primary
E)molecular
82

Hemoglobin is a complex protein having a quaternary structure.
A)True
B)False
83

The ______ structure of a protein comes about when the polypeptide chain takes a particular orientation in space.
A)quaternary
B)tertiary
C)primary
D)secondary
E)ionized
84

What are the components of a nucleotide?
A)glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride
B)amino acid, fatty acid, phosphate
C)phosphate, glucose, fatty acid
D)phosphate, hexose sugar, nitrogen-containing base
E)phosphate, pentose sugar, nitrogen-containing base
85

When nucleotide monomers join together, the ______ polymer is formed.
A)protein
B)carbohydrate
C)lipid
D)nucleic acid
E)cholesterol
86

The backbone of a nucleic acid is composed of ______.
A)the nitrogen bases
B)sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate, etc.
C)sugar-phosphate-base-sugar-phosphate-base, etc.
D)sugar-base-sugar-base, etc.
E)the R groups
87

______ molecules are characterized by having two strands of nucleotide polymers held together by hydrogen bonds.
A)Dipeptide
B)Disaccharide
C)Diglyceride
D)RNA
E)DNA
88

Which organic macromolecules are used for reproduction and to control protein synthesis?
A)proteins
B)carbohydrates
C)lipids
D)nucleic acids
E)salts
89

Which molecule functions as an energy carrier in cells?
A)DNA
B)RNA
C)ATP
D)glucose
E)fatty acid
90

Which pair below is mismatched?
A)amino acid-protein
B)glycerol-glycogen
C)glucose-starch
D)phosphoric acid-nucleotide
E)fatty acid-lipid







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