To help you master concepts from Chapter 11 (Groundwater), take this sample examination. If you answer all the questions correctly, pat yourself on the back - you deserve it!

1			Porosity is: Need a Hint?
			A)	the percentage of a rock's volume that is open space.
			B)	the capacity of a rock to transmit fluid.
			C)	the ability of a sediment to retard water.
			D)	none of the above.
2			Permeability is: Need a Hint?
			A)	The percentage of a rock's volume that is openings.
			B)	the capacity of a rock to transmit fluids.
			C)	the ability of a sediment to retard water.
			D)	none of the above.
3			The near-surface zone where all pores are filled with water is called: Need a Hint?
			A)	the saturated zone.
			B)	the vadose zone.
			C)	the water table.
			D)	the aquifer.
4			An aquifer is: Need a Hint?
			A)	a body of saturated rock or sediment through which water can move easily.
			B)	a body of rock that retards flow of ground water.
			C)	a body of rock that is impermeable.
			D)	a body of rock containing water.
5			Which rock would most likely form an aquifer? Need a Hint?
			A)	shale.
			B)	granite.
			C)	siltsone.
			D)	sandstone.
6			Why would the rock type above make a good aquifer? Need a Hint?
			A)	It has abudant porosity.
			B)	It is often quite permeable
			C)	It has abudant porosity and is often quite permeable.
			D)	It is strong, so wells drilled into it don't collapse.
7			Which rock type below is likely to possess the highest porosity? Need a Hint?
			A)	sandstone.
			B)	conglomerate.
			C)	siltsone.
			D)	shale.
8			Which rock type below is likely to possess the highest permeability? Need a Hint?
			A)	shale.
			B)	sandstone.
			C)	siltsone.
			D)	granite.
9			Which of the following determines how quickly groundwater flows? Need a Hint?
			A)	elevation.
			B)	permeability.
			C)	water pressure.
			D)	all of these are important determinants of groundwater flow.
10			Groundwater flows: Need a Hint?
			A)	always downhill.
			B)	from high elevation to low elevation.
			C)	from areas of high permeability to areas of low permeability.
			D)	from areas of high hydraulic head to areas of low hydraulic head.
11			The decline in the level of the water table around a pumping well is known as: Need a Hint?
			A)	the porosity parameter.
			B)	the permeability gradient.
			C)	the cone of depression.
			D)	the sphere of influence.
12			Prolonged withdrawal of water from an aquifer: Need a Hint?
			A)	may deplete the aquifer.
			B)	can cause subsidence of the land surface.
			C)	can alter the porosity or permeability of the aquifer.
			D)	all of these.
13			The largest reservoir of water on Earth is: Need a Hint?
			A)	the ocean.
			B)	polar ice caps.
			C)	groundwater.
			D)	water vapor in the atmosphere.
14			The top of the water saturated zone is known as: Need a Hint?
			A)	the aquitard.
			B)	the aquifer.
			C)	the hydraulic head.
			D)	the water table.
15			Ground water is: Need a Hint?
			A)	precipitation that accumulates underground.
			B)	water from magmatic sources that accumulates underground.
			C)	water that has always been underground.
			D)	water the leaks into the ground from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs.
16			An artesian well is one: Need a Hint?
			A)	where a cone of depression develops around the well when pumped.
			B)	located in the city of Artesia, California.
			C)	that flows to the surface without pumping.
			D)	that is developed in an aquitard.
17			Geysers and hot springs: Need a Hint?
			A)	are caused by groundwater being geothermally heated.
			B)	are "Volcanoes of water".
			C)	are common throughout the world.
			D)	are always at very high temperatures.
18			Caves and cavern systems are formed by: Need a Hint?
			A)	evacuation of magma chambers during volcanic eruptions.
			B)	water moving through aquifers.
			C)	removal of water from aquifers.
			D)	groundwater dissolving limestone and dolomite.
19			What proportion of Earth's water resources occurs as ground water? Need a Hint?
			A)	less than 1%.
			B)	10%
			C)	25%
			D)	33%
20			Gaining streams are those where: Need a Hint?
			A)	water from the vadose zone flows into the stream.
			B)	water is lost from the stream to the vadose zone.
			C)	water from the saturated zone flows into the stream.
			D)	water is lost from the stream to the saturated zone.