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Multiple Choice Quiz
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Time is on your side. Use the practice exam on Geologic Time (Chapter 8) to test your expertise regarding concepts of deep time.

1
"Geological processes operating at the present time are the same processes that have operated in the past" is a statement of:
A)the Principle of Cross-cutting Relationships
B)the Principle of Original Horizontality
C)the Principle of Uniformitarianism
D)the Principle of Faunal Succession
2
If rock A cross-cuts rock B, then rock A is:
A)older than rock B
B)younger than rock B
C)the same age as rock B
D)on top of rock B
3
Which of the following is a method of correlation?
A)physical continuity
B)similarity of rock types
C)similar fossil assemblages
D)all of these can be used for correlation
4
Eras of the Standard Geologic Time Scale are subdivided into:
A)Eons
B)Epochs
C)Ages
D)None of these
5
Which subdivision of geologic time is the longest?
A)Precambrian
B)Mesozoic Era
C)Teritiary Period
D)Miocene Epoch
6
Which is a useful radioactive decay scheme?
A)U-238/Pb206
B)U-235/Pb-207
C)K-40/Ar-40
D)all of these
7
Radiocarbon dating is a useful technique for all samples below except:
A)wood
B)bone
C)shells
D)granite
8
Radon is a gas derived from the natural radioactive decay of:
A)Uranium
B)Lead
C)Potassium
D)Plutonium
9
Concentrations of radon are highest in areas where the bedrock is:
A)sandstone
B)basalt
C)phyllite
D)black shale
10
Which of the following is not a type of unconformity?
A)nonconformity
B)disconformity
C)uniformity
D)angular unconformity
11
A geologist could use the Principle of Inclusions to determine the relative age of:
A)fossils
B)metamorphism
C)xenoliths
D)shale layers
12
A contact between parallel sedimentary rock layers that records missing geologic time is:
A)a disconformity
B)an angular unconformity
C)a uniformity
D)a nonconformity
13
The oldest abundant fossils of multicellular life forms are observed in rocks from:
A)the Archean Eon
B)The Mesozoic Era
C)The Cambrian Period
D)The Paleocene Epoch
14
Geologists are reasonably convinced that Earth is:
A)4,500,000,000,000 yrs. old
B)4,500,000,000 yrs. old
C)450,000,000 yrs. old
D)45,000,000 yrs.old
15
Methods used by geologists to determine the general sequence of geologic events from oldest to youngest are known as:
A)geochronology
B)absolute dating
C)general dating
D)relative dating
16
Undisturbed sedimentary rock layers occur in horizontal layers. This is a statement of:
A)The Principle of Superposition
B)The Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships
C)The Principle of Original Horizontality
D)The Principle of Faunal Succession
17
In the 1600’s, Archbishop Ussher declared that:
A)Earth was created in 4004 B.C.
B)Earth was, perhaps, “millions of years old
C)Earth history could be understood by observing modern processes
D)organisms had changed over time
18
James Hutton was:
A)the founder of modern Geology
B)a Scotsman
C)a university professor
D)all of these
19
In the late 1700’s, Hutton declared that
A)Earth could be “millions” of years old
B)Earth history could be understood by studying modern geologic processes
C)he could see “…no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end...” to Earth’s history
D)all of these
20
Which of the following will affect the half-life of a radioactive element?
A)extreme pressure deep in the Earth
B)extreme heat deep within the Earth
C)bombardment of Earth by cosmic rays
D)the half-life of a radioactive element is invariant







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