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1 | |
The term ______________ refers to the socially shared and organized ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that concern ultimate meanings about the existence of the supernatural or "beyond." |
| | A) | animism |
| | B) | religion |
| | C) | socialization |
| | D) | totemism |
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2 | |
Simple supernaturalism: |
| | A) | is prevalent in industrial societies. |
| | B) | entails the notion of mana. |
| | C) | is centered upon the belief in powerful gods interested in human affairs. |
| | D) | is illustrated by Buddhism. |
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3 | |
To what religious organizations are members likely to belong from birth? |
| | A) | church and cult |
| | B) | church and denomination |
| | C) | cult and sect |
| | D) | denomination and sect |
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4 | |
Of the two types of religious organizations that have a negative relationship with society, which one accepts pluralistic legitimacy? |
| | A) | a cult |
| | B) | a sect |
| | C) | a church |
| | D) | a denomination |
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5 | |
In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber noted that: |
| | A) | Calvinism was the only relevant factor contributing to the rise of the spirit of capitalism. |
| | B) | capitalism initially attained its highest development in Catholic countries and regions. |
| | C) | it was mostly Protestants who became the early capitalist entrepreneurs. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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6 | |
The secularization thesis: |
| | A) | states that sacred considerations gain ascendancy over secular considerations. |
| | B) | contradicts trends toward modernization. |
| | C) | is assumed to accompany the transformation of human societies from simple to complex forms. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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7 | |
Karl Marx saw religion as: |
| | A) | a vehicle by which we reveal to one another that we share a common mental state. |
| | B) | a vehicle through which we create a shared consciousness that contributes to social bonding. |
| | C) | creating a pool of individuals with the attitudes and values necessary to function as entrepreneurs. |
| | D) | producing an other-worldly focus that diverts the oppressed from seeking social change in this world. |
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8 | |
__________________ is a relatively permanent change in behavior or capability that results from experience. |
| | A) | Insight |
| | B) | Education |
| | C) | Learning |
| | D) | Manipulated cognition |
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9 | |
Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs)? |
| | A) | SAT scores have been rising. |
| | B) | The differences between SAT scores for males and females have been narrowing. |
| | C) | The scores of some minority groups have been improving faster than those of whites. |
| | D) | The differences between math scores for males and females were greatest in the mid-1990s. |
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10 | |
Research indicates that effective schools: |
| | A) | foster the expectation that order will prevail in the classroom. |
| | B) | leave discipline up to the individual teacher. |
| | C) | emphasize the "whole student" over academic concerns. |
| | D) | foster an atmosphere in which students are carefully monitored to ensure that they meet their obligations. |
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11 | |
Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding alternatives to public schools in the United States? |
| | A) | Increasingly, parents have been choosing alternative ways to educate their children. |
| | B) | In the past several years, there has been a significant increase in enrollments in charter schools, religious schools, and non-religious private schools, as well as in children being educated at home. |
| | C) | In some states, homeschooling is not legally recognized as an acceptable educational alternative. |
| | D) | After a long period of decline, enrollments in Catholic schools are now increasing. |
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12 | |
Which of the following is NOT a function of education? |
| | A) | completing socialization |
| | B) | social integration |
| | C) | research and development |
| | D) | procreation |
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13 | |
The statement that "the social relations of work find expression in the social relations of school" reflects: |
| | A) | the correspondence principle. |
| | B) | credentialism. |
| | C) | the hidden curriculum. |
| | D) | structural dyspepsia. |
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14 | |
Educational self-fulfilling prophecies: |
| | A) | exist where children fail to learn because teachers cannot teach. |
| | B) | are unlikely to exist when teachers' assessments of students are grounded by the stereotypes teachers hold of various classes and racial groups. |
| | C) | may result in student alienation and failure. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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15 | |
The American health care system: |
| | A) | has never focused on curing disease as much as on maintaining health. |
| | B) | emphasizes the people who have a disease, not the disease itself. |
| | C) | has seen an explosion of invasive, expensive, and often risky medical interventions. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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16 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement about hospitals? |
| | A) | Hospitals are relatively new institutions, having been first developed in the mid-1800s in England. |
| | B) | Hospitals and the medical profession have declined as the insurance industry has grown. |
| | C) | Hospitals and health care are big business. |
| | D) | Hospitals are excluded from for-profit health care chains. |
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17 | |
The interaction between physician and patient: |
| | A) | is rooted in a tradition of equality. |
| | B) | is based on the physician's ability to reduce the "competence gap" between the physician and patient. |
| | C) | may be evolving into a new type of relationship based on consumerism. |
| | D) | is governed by the patient, who manages the direction of the discussion. |
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18 | |
Which of the following does NOT account for the rise in the cost of health care? |
| | A) | Classical rules that govern marketplace exchanges have been applied to the health care industry for decades. |
| | B) | Labor costs have risen sharply. |
| | C) | The continual upgrading in the scope and intensity of medical services is costly. |
| | D) | The concept of "health" has been expanded to include mental and psychological difficulties and "conditions" such as infertility. |
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19 | |
According to Gordon's study of nurses in Boston, nurses today: |
| | A) | are expected to see fewer patients and spend more time performing educational duties with each patient. |
| | B) | perform vastly different duties under managed care than they performed under previous medical systems. |
| | C) | are able to spend more time with patients by working in home care rather than in the hospital. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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20 | |
Symbolic interactionists: |
| | A) | view "sickness" as a condition to which we attach socially devised meanings. |
| | B) | are not interested in how the medical profession defines certain conditions as diseases. |
| | C) | refer to the rising geriatric prisoner population in need of medical treatment as the "medicalization of deviance." |
| | D) | none of the above. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education