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1 | |
_______________ is the term for the science dealing with the size, distribution, composition, and changes in population. |
| | A) | Demography |
| | B) | Ecology |
| | C) | Popology |
| | D) | Stratification |
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2 | |
The crude birth rate: |
| | A) | is the annual number of live births per 1,000 women age 15-44. |
| | B) | is the potential number of children that could be born if every woman of childbearing age bore all the children she possibly could. |
| | C) | is the number of live births per 1,000 members of a population in a given year. |
| | D) | enables researchers to see important differences among races, ethnic groups, classes, age groups, and other categories within the population. |
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3 | |
The _________________ is the number of deaths per 1,000 inhabitants in a specific age group. |
| | A) | crude death rate |
| | B) | age-specific death rate |
| | C) | infant mortality rate |
| | D) | targeted mortality rate |
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4 | |
In 1997, the infant mortality rate in the United States was: |
| | A) | the lowest in the world. |
| | B) | 7.1 per 1,000. |
| | C) | the same for both whites and African Americans. |
| | D) | none of the above. |
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5 | |
The _________________ is the increase or decrease that results from immigration or emigration per 1,000 members of the population in a given year. |
| | A) | emigration rate |
| | B) | growth rate |
| | C) | immigration rate |
| | D) | net migration rate |
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6 | |
The growth rate is the difference between: |
| | A) | immigration and emigration rates. |
| | B) | births and deaths. |
| | C) | fertility and fecundity. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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7 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement about a population pyramid? |
| | A) | A population pyramid portrays the sex and age composition of a population. |
| | B) | A population pyramid must be based on absolute numbers. |
| | C) | A population pyramid is of interest solely to academics. |
| | D) | A population pyramid requires complex statistical calculations to understand the interrelationship between age and sex in a given population. |
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8 | |
According to Malthus: |
| | A) | human populations tend to increase more slowly than their ability to increase the food supply. |
| | B) | agricultural production increases in a geometric fashion. |
| | C) | people could use "moral restraint" to reduce the birth rate. |
| | D) | famine, war, and pestilence are social problems that a population can overcome. |
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9 | |
According to Marx: |
| | A) | an economic crisis in the capitalist system would force factory owners into the ranks of the unemployed. |
| | B) | an excess of the working-class population depends on the availability of employment opportunities, not on a fixed supply of food. |
| | C) | the problems associated with population growth are a function of the scarcity of wealth. |
| | D) | self-control would restrain population growth. |
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10 | |
According to demographic transition theory, both birth and death rates are high in which stage(s) of demographic transition? |
| | A) | the first stage |
| | B) | the second stage |
| | C) | the third stage |
| | D) | the first and third stages |
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11 | |
Proponents of the family planning approach to fertility reduction argue that: |
| | A) | economic development will lead to a reduction in fertility. |
| | B) | governments consider modern contraceptive measures to be a threat to the preservation and continuation of their way of life. |
| | C) | if contraceptives are made available and if information about the value and need for birth planning is disseminated, people will reduce their fertility. |
| | D) | people can be coerced into using family planning techniques. |
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12 | |
Coercive and punitive measures to reduce fertility have aroused considerable indignation among many citizens in Western nations. Such measures have included: |
| | A) | Italy's practice of punishing couples who have two or more children. |
| | B) | China's practice of fining a woman who is pregnant with a second child 20 percent of her pay if she refuses to have an abortion. |
| | C) | France's elimination of tax deductions for families with more than two children. |
| | D) | Brazil's refusal to grant a divorce to couples with children. |
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13 | |
Which of the following are NOT factors involved in whether or not people define a situation as crowded? |
| | A) | duration and predictability |
| | B) | frame of mind and environmental setting |
| | C) | the sex and race of individuals present |
| | D) | intensification of people's definition of the situation |
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14 | |
Which of the following did NOT restrict the size of preindustrial cities? |
| | A) | the clash of values and culture of people who came together |
| | B) | poor transportation |
| | C) | difficulty securing large areas from outside threats |
| | D) | sewage-polluted water supplies |
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15 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement about global cities? |
| | A) | Global cities are major urban centers of commerce on which corporations rely. |
| | B) | Global cities are characterized by centralized manufacturing and production activities. |
| | C) | Global cities result from decentralized managerial and financial operations. |
| | D) | Global cities result from changes in world population. |
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16 | |
Which model of city growth describes the city as a central business district, surrounded by a zone in transition, then a zone of workingmen's homes, residential zones, and the commuters' zone? |
| | A) | the multiple nuclei model |
| | B) | the sector model |
| | C) | the concentric circle model |
| | D) | the social area analysis model |
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17 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement about segregation? |
| | A) | Segregation is always an involuntary process. |
| | B) | Segregation is the encroachment by one group on an area occupied by another group. |
| | C) | Segregation can be prevented by the practice of redlining. |
| | D) | Segregation is the process by which natural areas are formed by the clustering of individuals or groups on the basis of common traits or activities. |
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18 | |
Urban gentrification is an example of: |
| | A) | segregation. |
| | B) | invasion. |
| | C) | redlining. |
| | D) | none of the above. |
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19 | |
Three years ago, Milltown's major employer, a steel mill, closed. The city council is trying to encourage an automaker to build a new plant in Milltown. In the meantime, people are moving to other cities to take new jobs, and property values in Milltown are down. This is an example of: |
| | A) | functional decline. |
| | B) | recycled city purpose. |
| | C) | descriptive decline. |
| | D) | geographic unsuitability. |
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20 | |
Which theoretical perspective defines the ecological environment as an ecosystem exhibiting a tendency toward equilibrium? |
| | A) | the interactionist perspective |
| | B) | the conflict perspective |
| | C) | the relativist perspective |
| | D) | the functionalist perspective |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education