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1 | |
The term _________________ refers to the fundamental alterations in the patterns of culture, structure, and social behavior over time. |
| | A) | cultural lag |
| | B) | diffusion |
| | C) | social change |
| | D) | modernization |
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2 | |
The development of computers and the increased use of the Internet are examples of what source of social change? |
| | A) | clashes over resources and values |
| | B) | diffusion |
| | C) | the mass media |
| | D) | innovation |
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3 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding evolutionary perspectives on social change? |
| | A) | Lenski argues that evolution depends largely on changes in a society's level of technology and mode of economic production. |
| | B) | Social Darwinists like Spencer see evolution as inevitably leading to the downfall of society. |
| | C) | Contemporary approaches take a unilinear view of evolution and assume all change equals progress. |
| | D) | Parsons suggested that societies tend to become simpler over time. |
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4 | |
Cyclical theorists: |
| | A) | try to predict the course of a civilization or society. |
| | B) | focus on analyzing a single society at a time. |
| | C) | believe that cultures pass through stages of growth quite different from the ones individuals pass through. |
| | D) | postulate that each culture possesses a life span of approximately 200 years. |
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5 | |
Cultural lag: |
| | A) | refers to new forms of social disintegration. |
| | B) | is the adjustment gap between material and nonmaterial culture. |
| | C) | occurs when the dominant group forces changes upon the subordinate group, which lags behind. |
| | D) | is society's way of avoiding the social problems that ensue from social change. |
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6 | |
Marx saw conflict between ______________ as the primary source of social change. |
| | A) | classes |
| | B) | ethnic groups |
| | C) | nations |
| | D) | religions |
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7 | |
Which of the following is likely to occur as a result of the computer revolution in the United States? |
| | A) | a restriction in the amount of information available to the general public |
| | B) | a plateauing of the amount of automation in the workplace |
| | C) | a centralized accumulation of power in the hands of those who have access to computers |
| | D) | an increased involvement in society by people with disabilities |
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8 | |
_________________ is the process by which a society moves from traditional to industrial social and economic arrangements. |
| | A) | Development |
| | B) | Evolution |
| | C) | Modernization |
| | D) | Social change |
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9 | |
In developing nations, which of the following influence(s) social change towards the liberal, Western democratic style of society? |
| | A) | literacy, education, and communication |
| | B) | a centrally dominated social order |
| | C) | extreme social inequalities |
| | D) | homogenous social groups and organizations |
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10 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement about rumors? |
| | A) | Rumors are effective ways to disseminate reliable information. |
| | B) | Rumors are easy to verify. |
| | C) | Rumors are transmitted from person to person in a relatively rapid fashion. |
| | D) | Rumors typically arise when people trust official sources of information. |
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11 | |
How do fashions differ from fads? |
| | A) | Fashions are norms; fads are not. |
| | B) | Fashions are long-lived; fads are short-lived. |
| | C) | Fashions enjoy widespread acceptance within society; fads enjoy acceptance only among a segment of the population. |
| | D) | Fashions include crazes; fads do not. |
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12 | |
Mass hysteria: |
| | A) | involves contained anxiety. |
| | B) | is usually associated with some mysterious force. |
| | C) | never involves physical symptoms. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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13 | |
Crowds have three characteristics in common. Which of the following is NOT one of those characteristics? |
| | A) | deindividualization |
| | B) | invulnerability |
| | C) | suggestibility |
| | D) | transformation |
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14 | |
The value-added model of collective behavior: |
| | A) | presents three preconditions for collective behavior. |
| | B) | states that each determinant expands the range of potential final outcomes. |
| | C) | is of little use in understanding the complexity of collective behavior. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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15 | |
According to Smelser's model, which of the following determinants of collective behavior occurs first? |
| | A) | growth of a generalized belief |
| | B) | precipitating factors |
| | C) | structural conduciveness |
| | D) | structural strain |
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16 | |
According to contagion theory, the "mob mind" develops through: |
| | A) | imitation, suggestibility, and circular reaction. |
| | B) | precipitating factors, structural strain, and structural conduciveness. |
| | C) | norms of the status quo, emergent norms, and new norms. |
| | D) | fashions, fads, and crazes. |
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17 | |
Central to the concept of social movement is the idea that: |
| | A) | social movements appear only in times of controlled, slow social change. |
| | B) | social movements occur inside the institutional framework of everyday life. |
| | C) | people intervene in the process of social change. |
| | D) | people do not readily undertake joint activity. |
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18 | |
Among the approaches that seek to explain the causes of social movements, which one states that revolutions are most likely to take place when a prolonged period of social and economic betterment is followed by a period of sharp reversal? |
| | A) | the resource mobilization approach |
| | B) | the deprivation approach |
| | C) | the capitalist collapse approach |
| | D) | none of the above |
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19 | |
Social revolutions: |
| | A) | involve the gradual evolution of existing state and class structures into new social arrangements. |
| | B) | are most likely to occur when political power is decentralized. |
| | C) | appear to follow no "natural history." |
| | D) | often begin with intellectuals withdrawing their support of the existing regime. |
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20 | |
Which of the following describes a central change in contemporary life that has been identified by futurists? |
| | A) | The United States is being restructured from an agrarian to an industrial society. |
| | B) | Modern societies are increasingly shifting from a national to a global economy. |
| | C) | High tech industries are becoming energy- and materials-intensive. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education