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1 | |
The sociocultural distinction between males and females is called: |
| | A) | sex. |
| | B) | sexism. |
| | C) | gender. |
| | D) | gender identity. |
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2 | |
At the individual level, sexism: |
| | A) | involves policies and practices that produce unequal outcomes for men and women. |
| | B) | is the belief that one sex is superior to the other. |
| | C) | proves that one sex is biologically superior and, therefore, deserving of more rewards in society. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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3 | |
Which of the following properties of a minority group is NOT true relative to women? |
| | A) | They possess physical and cultural traits that distinguish them. |
| | B) | They have increasingly become a self-conscious group. |
| | C) | Their membership is involuntary. |
| | D) | They are endogamous. |
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4 | |
According to a United Nations Human Development Report in the 1990s, which was cited in your text, which of the following is TRUE? |
| | A) | Women have been gaining civil rights in most Middle Eastern countries. |
| | B) | The collapse of the Soviet regime increased job opportunities for women. |
| | C) | Due to increased attention and public pressure, sweatshop workers in China have made significant gains in wages and working conditions. |
| | D) | There is still no nation in which women are treated as well as men. |
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5 | |
Which of the following statements accurately describes the division of labor in American families? |
| | A) | Most women who choose to work outside the home choose to work the second shift - i.e., evening hours. |
| | B) | The burden of housework still falls primarily on women, whether or not they work outside the home. |
| | C) | While women most often arrange for child care, both parents are equally likely to stay home from work with a sick child. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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6 | |
In approximately what percentage of families with children under the age of 18 is the mother employed? |
| | A) | 78 |
| | B) | 68 |
| | C) | 40 |
| | D) | 25 |
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7 | |
Which of the following terms is used to describe the low-wage, low-mobility jobs in which many women are trapped? |
| | A) | pink-collar occupations |
| | B) | the sticky floor |
| | C) | the glass ceiling |
| | D) | the feminization of support work |
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8 | |
Which of the following is FALSE regarding disparities in pay between men and women? |
| | A) | Over all, a woman who is employed full time now earns 76 cents for each dollar earned by her male counterpart. |
| | B) | The gap between the earnings of American men and women narrowed in the 1980s. |
| | C) | According to Census Bureau estimates, gender discrimination accounts for 35 to 40 percent of the wage gap. |
| | D) | The effect of previous work experience on wages is the same for both men and women. |
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9 | |
Currently, the positive synchronization between the family lives and career patterns of American women is best illustrated by: |
| | A) | federal and state legislation prescribing paid maternity leave and other maternity-related benefits. |
| | B) | management's practice of giving new mothers "a break" when they return to work following a maternity absence by moving them onto a "mommy track." |
| | C) | the practice of many large employers to voluntarily provide some paid maternity leave. |
| | D) | a nationwide practice of providing paid paternity leave and family sick leave when children are ill. |
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10 | |
According to the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, sexual harassment is: |
| | A) | unwelcome sexual attention, whether verbal or physical, that affects an employee's job conditions or creates a hostile working environment. |
| | B) | an uncommon workplace hazard for women. |
| | C) | limited to a woman's place of employment during normal working hours. |
| | D) | narrowly defined as an unwelcome proposition. |
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11 | |
According to a poll discussed in your text: |
| | A) | 60 percent of women said they had encountered some form of sexual harassment at work. |
| | B) | 50 percent of men said they had said or done something that could be construed as sexual harassment. |
| | C) | 40 percent of women said they had engaged in behavior that could be construed as sexual harassment. |
| | D) | 30 percent of men said they feared sexual harassment from female coworkers. |
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12 | |
Studies in the United States relevant to forcible rape (forcing a person to engage in sexual activity against his/her will) reveal that: |
| | A) | rape of women by men is rare. |
| | B) | estimates of women who have been raped by men range from 10 to 25 percent. |
| | C) | most rapists are psychologically disturbed or sexually inadequate. |
| | D) | culture plays no part in developing a context in which rapes are more likely to occur. |
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13 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the political gains that women have made in recent years? |
| | A) | The United States leads the rest of the world in electing women to high public office. |
| | B) | In 1988 only three states had women governors. |
| | C) | Compared to their numbers in the general population, women are over-represented in Congress. |
| | D) | By 2001, the number of women in the U.S. Senate had risen to 48. |
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14 | |
The women's movement: |
| | A) | has had little impact on American society beyond the lives of radical feminists. |
| | B) | developed out of the American struggle for independence from England. |
| | C) | owes almost all of its success to such organizations as the National Organization for Women. |
| | D) | is credited with improving life by all but 5 percent of American women. |
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15 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning the findings of Maccoby and Jacklin's research on sex differences? |
| | A) | They found that girls are both more verbal and more aggressive than boys. |
| | B) | They found that at age 13, boys and girls are equal in mathematical ability. |
| | C) | Their conclusions have been disputed by others who have found that the magnitude of sex differences is very small. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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16 | |
Research on gender roles and culture indicate that: |
| | A) | some societies do not assign gender roles. |
| | B) | there are universal divisions of labor by gender across societies. |
| | C) | what constitutes feminine and masculine behavior is remarkably similar across cultures. |
| | D) | gender roles are largely a matter of social definition and socially constructed thinking. |
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17 | |
Children see themselves as rivals of the same-sex parent; they come to identify with that parent and acquire the appropriate self-conception. This explanation of how individuals develop gender identity would be expressed by: |
| | A) | cultural transmission theorists. |
| | B) | Freudians. |
| | C) | functionalists. |
| | D) | labeling theorists. |
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18 | |
Cognitive development theorists believe that children acquire gender identities and roles through: |
| | A) | self-mutilation. |
| | B) | exploration of sexuality with other children. |
| | C) | self-socialization. |
| | D) | none of the above. |
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19 | |
Functional theorists argue that: |
| | A) | the division of labor between females and males originally arose because of men's aggressiveness. |
| | B) | the division of labor between females and males prompted the survival of the species and was therefore retained. |
| | C) | families are organized along instrumental and expressive lines, with women performing roles connected with instrumental lines. |
| | D) | conflict theorists provide a rationalization for male dominance. |
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20 | |
Conflict theorists argue that: |
| | A) | division of labor based on sex is a social vehicle devised by women to assure themselves a position of privilege, prestige, and power. |
| | B) | motivation for gender stratification derives from the economic exploitation of men's labor. |
| | C) | gender stratification derives from women's desire to have men remain connected to them and their children. |
| | D) | production (by men) in capitalist societies is privileged over reproduction (by women). |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education