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1 | |
Power whose basis is the threat or application of punishment is called: |
| | A) | charismatic authority. |
| | B) | traditional authority. |
| | C) | authority. |
| | D) | force. |
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2 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the state? |
| | A) | The state has existed throughout human history. |
| | B) | The existence of the state requires that some people are able to devote time and energy to organizing power resources. |
| | C) | External factors such as threats and trading partners played no part in the rise of the state. |
| | D) | The production of a social surplus hindered the rise of the state. |
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3 | |
According to the functionalist perspective, what are the four functions served by the state? |
| | A) | enforcement of norms; planning and direction; arbitration of conflicting interests; and protection against other societies |
| | B) | oppression of minorities; enforcement of norms; planning and direction; protection against enemies within society |
| | C) | enforcement of norms; planning and direction; protection against other societies; protection against enemies within society |
| | D) | arbitration of conflicting interests; maintaining social contracts; distributing goods and services; protection against internal threats |
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4 | |
Some conflict theorists argue that the state is an instrument that is manipulated by the capitalist class. This manipulation is accomplished through: |
| | A) | lobbying, campaign financing, and corruption. |
| | B) | socialization outside the capitalist class to enforce discriminatory norms. |
| | C) | class warfare, economic cycles, and intercorporate conflict. |
| | D) | corporate corruption through interlocking directorates. |
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5 | |
Which type of theorists would argue that relentless class conflict between capitalists and workers, boom and bust economic cycles, and intercorporate conflict place limits on the ability of the capitalist class to manipulate political institutions at will? |
| | A) | instrumental conflict theorists |
| | B) | reactionary conflict theorists |
| | C) | structural conflict theorists |
| | D) | dysfunctional conflict theorists |
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6 | |
Why is force not the most effective means for political rule? |
| | A) | Force is very efficient, but also very costly. |
| | B) | Honor is denied to those who rule by force alone. |
| | C) | The elite's ideals are fulfilled but tainted by use of force. |
| | D) | Force is the most effective means for political rule. |
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7 | |
Power legitimated by the sanctity of age-old customs is called ______________ authority. |
| | A) | characteristic |
| | B) | charismatic |
| | C) | legal-rational |
| | D) | traditional |
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8 | |
In __________________ authority, rules are obeyed because their commands are within the impersonal, formally defined scope of their office. |
| | A) | charismatic |
| | B) | legal-rational |
| | C) | state |
| | D) | traditional |
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9 | |
_________________ is the political process that has to do with the authoritative formulation of policies that are binding and pervasive throughout society. |
| | A) | Democracy |
| | B) | Power |
| | C) | Government |
| | D) | Totalitarianism |
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10 | |
Totalitarianism: |
| | A) | is the authoritative formulation of policies that are binding and pervasive throughout the society. |
| | B) | is a state in which the government is concerned with satisfying the needs of the total person. |
| | C) | is a state in which the government seeks to control all subordinate governmental units, all institutions, and even personal associations and individual families. |
| | D) | can incorporate only in a socialist society. |
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11 | |
In a democracy: |
| | A) | the powers of government derive from the consent of the governed. |
| | B) | the procedures for changing government officials may change with each administration. |
| | C) | the people govern directly. |
| | D) | the government tolerates little opposition. |
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12 | |
Political parties: |
| | A) | are organizations designed to gain control of the government, but not necessarily by putting their own people in office. |
| | B) | tend to be pulled to the "right." |
| | C) | must appeal to a broad base of the electorate in order to win. |
| | D) | tend to be barriers between citizens and the government. |
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13 | |
What percentage of the electorate voted in the 1996 presidential election? |
| | A) | 25 percent |
| | B) | less than 50 percent |
| | C) | more than 50 percent |
| | D) | 75 percent |
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14 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement about voting patterns? |
| | A) | Nonvoters are likely to be older than voters. |
| | B) | Voter turnout in the United States is typically 50 percent higher than in most Western European nations. |
| | C) | Poorer and less educated voters are more likely to vote Republican. |
| | D) | African Americans and women are more likely to vote Democrat. |
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15 | |
PACs |
| | A) | are party-appointed candidates. |
| | B) | are interest groups set up within political parties to elect or defeat candidates. |
| | C) | finance the re-election campaigns of more than half the U.S. Senators. |
| | D) | are primarily interested in unseating incumbents. |
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16 | |
All societies confront three basic economic problems. Which of the following is NOT one of them? |
| | A) | determining what goods and services to produce |
| | B) | determining how to employ limited resources |
| | C) | determining how much each individual should be paid |
| | D) | determining for whom goods and services should be produced |
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17 | |
How do market and command economies differ? |
| | A) | Market economies rely on free markets, whereas command economies rely on consumer sovereignty. |
| | B) | Market economies rely on cooperation, whereas command economies rely on conflict. |
| | C) | Market economies rely on privately held property, whereas command economies rely on publicly-held property. |
| | D) | Market and command economies do not differ substantially, but their political institutions do. |
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18 | |
Which conception of welfare refers to the provision of a "safety net" for disadvantaged populations? |
| | A) | behaviorist |
| | B) | egalitarian populist |
| | C) | residualist |
| | D) | social insurance |
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19 | |
In reviewing capitalism worldwide following the downfall of communism in the Soviet Union, some observers suggest that: |
| | A) | capitalist nations fully agree on the merits of capitalism practiced by all developed nations. |
| | B) | Russia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and Asia have fully accepted and are practicing the style of capitalism practiced in the United States. |
| | C) | in dynamic Asian nations (e.g., Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan), government intervention in economic life has resulted in a "government-business symbiosis" different from that in Europe and the United States. |
| | D) | the performance of the Asian economy and financial institutions in late 1997 and early 1998 strongly supports the "government-business"/"state capitalism"/"communal capitalism" economic arrangement. |
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20 | |
Multinational corporations: |
| | A) | maintain strong national identities, in spite of operating abroad. |
| | B) | may need to avoid alienating non-American workers and customers. |
| | C) | provide preferential treatment for American employees. |
| | D) | play an increasingly important role in the structuring of the division of labor in the world economy. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education