| activating effects | Effects of hormones that occur after an organ has developed and influence its activity at any particular moment. 274
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| adolescence | The period from the onset of puberty until the attainment of adulthood, about ages twelve to twenty. 282, 317
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| adrenal gland | A small endocrine gland atop each kidney, the source of a wide variety of important hormones. 88, 126, 279
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| androgen-insensitivity syndrome | A condition in which the body cells that might respond to testosterone lack the necessary testosterone-binding sites to use this hormone. The result is an XY female. 278
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| anovulatory | Without ovulation (syn: anovular). 283
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| cells | The microscopic basic units of life. 270
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| chromosomes | The rodlike physical carriers of the genes. 270
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| cortex | The outer portion of an organ. 274
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| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | The complex chemical that stores genetic information in every cell. 270
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| embryo | The unborn child through the eighth week of development after conception. 273, 411
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| fetus | The unborn child from the ninth week of development until birth. 276, 412
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| gametes | Sex cells (sperm and ova). 271
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| genital ridges | Clusters of cells in an embryo that develop into ovaries or testes. 274
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| gonads | The sex glands; a woman's ovaries, a man's testes. 271
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| hermaphroditism | The condition of having both ovaries and testes. 278
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| karyotype | A chart showing all of the chromosomes of a person. 270
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| medulla | The inner portion of an organ. 274
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| meiosis | Sex cell formation, production of sperm or ova. 271
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| menarche | The onset of menstruation. 89, 283
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| mitosis | The division of one cell into two (ordinary cell division). 270
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| Müllerian ducts | A group of cells that develop into the female internal reproductive organs. 276
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| Müllerian inhibiting hormone | A hormone from the embryonic testes that inhibits development of female internal organs. 276
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| neuroendocrine | Involving the nervous system and hormones. 282
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| organizing effect | How hormones influence early development of some parts of the body. 274
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| puberty | The earlier portion of adolescence, during which a person becomes functionally capable of reproduction. 282, 317
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| sex chromosomes | Special chromosomes (X and Y) that help determine the sex of a person. 270
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| spermarche | A boy's first ejaculation. 283, 317
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| TDF (testis determining factor) | A gene that promotes development of a male. 273
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| Wolffian ducts | A group of cells that develop into the male internal reproductive organs. 276
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| zygote | A fertilized ovum. 272, 410
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education