| adrenal gland | A small endocrine gland atop each kidney, the source of a wide variety of important hormones. 88, 126, 279
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| androgens | Hormones that promote the development of male or malelike sexual structures and characteristics. 88, 126, 202
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| areola | The darkened ring surrounding the nipple of the breast. 83
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| cervix | The neck of the uterus. 79
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| clitoris | The erectile projection located in the front part of the vaginal vestibule. 77
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| colostrum | The thin yellowish premilk fluid produced by the mother's breasts within a few days following childbirth. 432
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| dysmenorrhea | painful menses. 94
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| endocrine glands | Glands that produce and secrete hormones into the blood. 85, 125
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| endometrium | The tissue lining the inner wall of the uterus. 79
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| estrogens | Ovarian sex hormones that promote the development of a woman's reproductive tract and her bodily characteristics. 87
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| external sex organs | Sex organs visible on the outside of the body. A woman's vulva; a man's penis and scrotum. 76
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| fallopian tubes | The ducts that connect the ovaries to the uterus for the passage of ova. 82
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| female reproductive cycle | The monthly events occurring in the ovary and uterus. 89
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| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | The pituitary hormone that acts on the ovarian follicle in the ovary and on the sperm-producing cells of the testes. 87, 125
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| genitals | External and internal sex organs. 76
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| glans | The head, or tip, of the clitoris or penis. 77
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| gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) | A hypothalamic hormone that directs the release of pituitary sex hormones. 86, 125
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| gynecological examination | A medical examination that focuses on female reproductive health. 97
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| gynecology | The medical specialty that deals with female reproductive health. 97
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| hormones | The chemicals produced by and released into the blood by the endocrine glands to serve as internal chemical regulators in the body. 85, 125
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| human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) | A hormone produced by the chorion of the embryo-fetus. 88, 412
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| hymen | A membrane that may surround the vaginal opening. 78
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| hypothalamus | The lower portion of front of brain, from which the pituitary gland is suspended. 86, 125
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| hysterectomy | The partial or complete removal of the uterus. 102
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| inhibin | A hormone that inhibits the production of FSH, LH, and GnRH. 89, 126
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| internal sex organs | Those sex organs located inside the body. 78
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| labia majora | The outer genital lips that surround the vaginal vestibule. 76
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| labia minora | The inner genital lips that surround the vaginal vestibule. 76
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| luteinizing hormone (LH) | A pituitary sex hormone that stimulates the production and release of ovarian hormones and ova; identical to interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) in a man. 87
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| mammary glands | The milk-producing glands in a woman's breast. 83
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| mammography | An X-ray examination of a woman's breast. 105
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| menarche | The onset of menstruation. 89, 283
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| menopause | The permanent cessation of menses. 89, 361
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| menstrual flow | Menstrual discharge; menses. 89
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| mons pubis | The fatty, hairy pad over the pubic bone. 76
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| nipple | The tip of the breast. 83
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| ovaries | A woman's gonads. 82
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| ovulation | The discharge of an ovum from the ovary. 82
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| oxytocin | hormone that promotes release of milk. 87
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| Pap test | A diagnostic examination of cervical tissue of the uterus for the detection of premalignant and malignant cells. 101
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| pelvic examination | A medical examination of a woman's genital-rectal organs. 98
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| perineum | The body area located between the anus and vaginal opening in women and between the anus and scrotum in men. 76, 110
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| pituitary gland | An endocrine gland beneath the hypothalamus that produces hormones, including gonadotropins. 87, 125
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| premenstrual syndrome (PMS) | The physical discomforts some women experience prior to the beginning of menstruation. 93
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| progesterone | An ovarian sex hormone that promotes the repair of the uterus to receive the blastocyst. 87
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| prolactin | A pituitary hormone that promotes milk secretion by the milk-producing glands of a woman's breast. 87
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| relaxin | A hormone produced by the ovary and placenta that relaxes the pubic symphysis and uterine cervix in childbirth. 89
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| target cells | Cells with specific receptors for a hormone. 85
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| toxic shock syndrome (TSS) | A condition caused by bacterial toxins. 100
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| urethra | The duct from the urinary bladder to a woman's vaginal vestibule or through a man's penis. 78, 110
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| uterus | The organ in which the embryo-fetus develops; the womb. 79
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| vagina | The internal genital structure leading from the vestibule to the uterus. 79
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| vaginal orifice | The external opening of the vagina into the vestibule. 78
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| vestibule | The cavity between the genital lips. The vaginal vestibule. 78
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| vulva | A woman's external sex organs or genitals. 76
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education