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Human Development Across the Lifespan Cover Image
Human Development Across the Lifespan, 5/e
John S. Dacey, Boston College
John F. Travers, Boston College
Infancy
The Biological Basis of Development

Outline

  1. Physical development in infancy
    1. Developmental milestones of infancy
      1. Growth patterns
      2. Nutritional needs
    2. Brain development
      1. Begins in embryonic period
      2. Variable rate of growth from conception through adulthood
      3. Probablistic epigenesis
      4. Specialized lobes
    3. Neonatal reflexes
      1. Plantar grasp
      2. Babinski
      3. Babkin
      4. Rooting
      5. Sucking
      6. Moro
      7. Grasping
      8. Tonic neck reflex
      9. Stepping
    4. Newborn abilities
      1. Imitative behavior
      2. Seeing
      3. Hearing
      4. Active seekers of stimulation
      5. Attempts to master developmental tasks of infancy
    5. Neonatal assessment techniques
      1. The Apgar: evaluation of newborn's basic life signs
      2. Neurological assessment
        1. Identification of any neurological problem
        2. Constant monitoring of a neurological problem
        3. Prognosis about some neurological problem
      3. Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale:
        1. Evaluation of how infant interacts with its environment
    6. Motor development
      1. Head control
      2. Locomotion: crawling and creeping
      3. Locomotion: standing and walking
    7. Neonatal problems
      1. Failure to thrive (FTT)
        1. Organic
        2. Nonorganic
      2. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
        1. Fetal hypoxia
        2. Munchausen by proxy
      3. Sleeping disorders
      4. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
  2. Perceptual development
    1. The meaning of perception
      1. Habituation
    2. Visual perception
      1. Visual preference
        1. Pattern perception
        2. Detecting complexity
      2. Visual adaptation
        1. "Visual cliff" experiments
    3. Auditory perception
      1. Hearing
      2. Auditory discrimination
  3. Cognitive development
    1. Piaget's sensorimotor period
      1. Egocentrism
      2. Six stages
        1. Exercise the reflexes
        2. Primary circular reactions
        3. Secondary circular reactions
        4. Coordinate secondary schemes
        5. Tertiary circular reactions
        6. Internal representation
      3. Four major accomplishments
        1. Object permanence
        2. A sense of space
        3. Causality
        4. Time sequences
    2. Criticisms of Piaget
      1. Cognitive development may be gradual and partially completed
      2. Specific tasks accomplished earlier than Piaget thought
    3. Information processing in infancy
      1. Infants and attention
        1. Selectivity
        2. Involves cognitive processing
        3. Limited
      2. Infants and memory
        1. Testing infant memory
        2. Infantile amnesia
  4. Language development
    1. Acquiring their language
      1. Children learn rules of language
      2. Fast mapping
    2. Key signs of language development
      1. Timetable of language acquisition
        1. Crying
        2. Cooing
        3. Babbling
        4. Vocables
      2. First words
        1. Language explosion
        2. Holophrases
        3. Multiple words
        4. Telegraphic speech








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