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1 | |
An unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members is |
| | A) | discrimination. |
| | B) | prejudice. |
| | C) | racism. |
| | D) | sexism. |
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2 | |
People's beliefs about how women and men behave are |
| | A) | gender roles. |
| | B) | gender stereotypes. |
| | C) | gender norms. |
| | D) | gender expectations. |
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3 | |
According to the text, stereotypes rationalize |
| | A) | racism. |
| | B) | prejudice. |
| | C) | discrimination. |
| | D) | unequal status. |
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4 | |
The just world phenomenon may explain that an unemployed person is |
| | A) | in need of more education. |
| | B) | a victim of prejudice. |
| | C) | in need of help. |
| | D) | lazy. |
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5 | |
According to the text, subtyping protects |
| | A) | biases. |
| | B) | stereotypes. |
| | C) | emotions. |
| | D) | social identity. |
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6 | |
Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone is |
| | A) | aggression. |
| | B) | instrumental aggression. |
| | C) | violence. |
| | D) | hostility. |
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7 | |
Which of the following is an innate behavior? |
| | A) | reading a book |
| | B) | watching a movie |
| | C) | playing in the band |
| | D) | fleeing danger |
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8 | |
The redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration is |
| | A) | disarticulation. |
| | B) | the redirection effect. |
| | C) | displacement. |
| | D) | the frustration-aggression effect. |
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9 | |
In a national survey, what percentage of women reported having been forced by a man to do something sexually? |
| | A) | 15 |
| | B) | 22 |
| | C) | 29 |
| | D) | 37 |
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10 | |
Which of the following is true of findings on the catharsis hypothesis? |
| | A) | Catharsis always occurs. |
| | B) | The calming effect of retaliation seems to occur only in very specific circumstances. |
| | C) | The catharsis hypothesis has been well-supported. |
| | D) | The catharsis hypothesis is valid for children but not for adults. |
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11 | |
Which of the following is supported by research on social attraction? |
| | A) | Distance makes the heart fonder. |
| | B) | Beauty and brains are equal. |
| | C) | Opposites attract. |
| | D) | Familiarity produces fondness. |
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12 | |
According to the text, what percent of cosmetic surgery is performed on women? |
| | A) | 90 |
| | B) | 80 |
| | C) | 75 |
| | D) | 65 |
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13 | |
According to the text, White culture tends to be |
| | A) | individualistic. |
| | B) | expressive. |
| | C) | emotionally driven. |
| | D) | present-oriented. |
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14 | |
Opposites attract is an aspect of the |
| | A) | matching phenomenon. |
| | B) | reward theory of attraction. |
| | C) | complementarity hypothesis. |
| | D) | the ingratiation effect. |
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15 | |
Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others is called |
| | A) | self-disclosure. |
| | B) | the intimacy effect. |
| | C) | the commitment effect. |
| | D) | the infatuation effect. |
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16 | |
A motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests is |
| | A) | empathy. |
| | B) | reciprocity. |
| | C) | altruism. |
| | D) | a personality trait. |
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17 | |
An expectation that people will help those who have helped them is |
| | A) | social norm. |
| | B) | social-responsibility norm. |
| | C) | reciprocity norm. |
| | D) | restitution norm. |
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18 | |
The finding that a person is less likely to help when there are other people around is |
| | A) | the bystander effect. |
| | B) | the reciprocity effect. |
| | C) | the situational influence effect. |
| | D) | the negative empathy effect. |
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19 | |
In Latane and Darley's research involving staging an epileptic seizure, _________ percent of those who thought they were alone and ________ percent of those who thought there were others left the room to seek aid. |
| | A) | 66, 24 |
| | B) | 76, 42 |
| | C) | 85, 31 |
| | D) | 90, 54 |
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20 | |
From an evolutionary perspective it would be most difficult to explain why |
| | A) | someone risked his life to help a stranger. |
| | B) | someone paid his daughter's hospital bill. |
| | C) | someone risked his life to help his father. |
| | D) | someone risked his life to help his daughter. |
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21 | |
According to Alvin Gouldner, a universal moral code is |
| | A) | the norm of social responsibility. |
| | B) | the norm of social contract. |
| | C) | the norm of efficacy. |
| | D) | the norm of reciprocity. |
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22 | |
According to the tragedy of commons, the smaller the group |
| | A) | the more interest each person has. |
| | B) | the more responsibility each person feels. |
| | C) | the more work each person will do. |
| | D) | the more rewards each person will receive. |
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23 | |
Reciprocal views of one another often held by parties in conflict are |
| | A) | self-confirming perceptions. |
| | B) | reciprocal perceptions. |
| | C) | mirror-image perceptions. |
| | D) | superordinate perceptions. |
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24 | |
A shared goal that necessitates cooperative effort is |
| | A) | reciprocal. |
| | B) | equitable. |
| | C) | superordinate. |
| | D) | summation. |
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25 | |
Win-win agreements that reconcile both parties' interests to their mutual benefit are |
| | A) | amalgamation agreements. |
| | B) | integrative agreements. |
| | C) | value added agreements. |
| | D) | reconciliation agreements. |
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26 | |
According to Gotlib and Colby, to fight constructively do not |
| | A) | welcome feedback about your behavior. |
| | B) | offer positive suggestions for mutual improvement. |
| | C) | bring in unrelated issues. |
| | D) | fight privately. |
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27 | |
According to the text, which of the following is accurate? |
| | A) | Clinical psychologists are more susceptible to illusory thinking than social psychologists. |
| | B) | Behaviors of people undergoing psychotherapy come to fit the theories of their therapists. |
| | C) | People who seek out therapy want to hear negative things about themselves. |
| | D) | Projective tests actually give more useful information than objective tests. |
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28 | |
In one study, _______ percent of people with high self-esteem and ______ percent of depressed people elected to see unfavorable feedback as opposed to favorable feedback. |
| | A) | 5, 67 |
| | B) | 25, 82 |
| | C) | 15, 42 |
| | D) | 35, 59 |
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29 | |
An interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge is |
| | A) | health psychology. |
| | B) | behavioral medicine. |
| | C) | psychiatry. |
| | D) | psychoanalytic medicine. |
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30 | |
The best predictor of overall happiness is satisfaction with |
| | A) | work. |
| | B) | personal relationships. |
| | C) | income. |
| | D) | status. |
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31 | |
The stress of a new job can best be handled by approaching it with a sense of |
| | A) | ambition and competitiveness. |
| | B) | humility and assertiveness. |
| | C) | control and optimism. |
| | D) | urgency and conscientiousness. |
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32 | |
In a study at California State University-Hayward, 141 students witnessed an assault on a professor. Seven weeks later, what percentage of students identified an innocent person as the assailant from a group of six photographs? |
| | A) | 60 |
| | B) | 28 |
| | C) | 42 |
| | D) | 72 |
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33 | |
To minimize false lineup identifications, which of the following is not true? |
| | A) | If all suspects are male, have every suspect wear a tie. |
| | B) | Give eyewitnesses a lineup with no suspects to screen out those who make false identifications. |
| | C) | Have witnesses make yes or no judgments to a sequence of people. |
| | D) | Include instructions that the suspect might not be in the lineup. |
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34 | |
Mock juries are less sympathetic to a defendant who is |
| | A) | less educated. |
| | B) | the same race. |
| | C) | shares their attitudes. |
| | D) | the same gender. |
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35 | |
Research shows that __________ juries ultimately reach the verdict favored by the majority on the first ballot. |
| | A) | 9 out of 10 |
| | B) | 7 out of 8 |
| | C) | 5 out of 9 |
| | D) | 7 out of 10 |
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36 | |
A criticism of a six-member jury is that it is |
| | A) | less likely to represent a community's diversity. |
| | B) | more likely to have hung verdicts. |
| | C) | easily dominated by one individual. |
| | D) | less likely to take the task seriously. |
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37 | |
Zoologist E. O. Wilson estimates what percentage of the earth's plant and animal species could be extinct within a century? |
| | A) | 20 |
| | B) | 25 |
| | C) | 35 |
| | D) | 50 |
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38 | |
In the United States, the divorce rate between 1960 and 1990 |
| | A) | doubled. |
| | B) | tripled. |
| | C) | increased marginally. |
| | D) | decreased marginally. |
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39 | |
Which of the following is not one of George Howard's killer thoughts? |
| | A) | Consumption will produce happiness. |
| | B) | Growth is good. |
| | C) | Don't discount the future. |
| | D) | Greed is good. |
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40 | |
In a poll in 1975, what percent of Americans identified a lot of money as the basis for the good life? In 1996? |
| | A) | 42, 75 |
| | B) | 38, 63 |
| | C) | 23, 54 |
| | D) | 54, 72 |
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41 | |
In 1998, what percent of Americans earning between $75,000 and $100,000 agreed to the statement, I cannot afford to buy everything I really need. |
| | A) | 24 |
| | B) | 39 |
| | C) | 45 |
| | D) | 62 |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education