Diane E. Papalia,
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Sally Wendkos Olds
Ruth Duskin Feldman
| behavior therapy | therapeutic approach using principles of learning theory to encourage desired behaviors or eliminate undesired ones; also called behavior modification.
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| bullying | aggression deliberately and persistently directed against a particular target, or victim, typically one who is weak, vulnerable, and defenseless.
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| childhood depression | mood disorder characterized by such symptoms as a prolonged sense of friendlessness, inability to have fun or concentrate, fatigue, extreme activity or apathy, feelings of worthlessness, weight change, physical complaints, and thoughts of death or suicide.
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| conduct disorder | repetitive, persistent pattern of aggressive, antisocial behavior violating societal norms or the rights of others.
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| coregulation | transitional stage in control of behavior in which parents exercise general supervision and children exercise moment-to-moment self-regulation.
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| drug therapy | administration of drugs to treat emotional disorders.
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| family therapy | psychological treatment in which a therapist sees the whole family together to analyze patterns of family functioning.
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| generalized anxiety disorder | anxiety not focused on any single target.
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| individual psychotherapy | psychological treatment in which a therapist sees a troubled person one-on-one.
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| industry versus inferiority | Erikson's fourth critical alternative of psychosocial development, in which children must learn the productive skills their culture requires or else face the feelings of inferiority.
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| obsessive-compulsive disorder | anxiety aroused by repetitive, intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses, often leading to compulsive ritual behaviors.
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| oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) | pattern of behavior, persisting into middle childhood, marked by negativity, hostility and defiance.
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| prejudice | unfavorable attitude toward members of certain groups outside one's own, especially racial or ethnic groups.
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| protective factors | influences that reduce the impact of early stress and tend to predict positive outcomes.
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| representational systems | in neo-Piagetian terminology, the third stage in development of self-definition, characterized by breadth, balance, and the integration and assessment of various aspects of the self.
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| resilient children | children who weather adverse circumstances, function well despite challenges or threats, or bounce back from traumatic events.
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| school phobia | unrealistic fear of going to school, may be a form of separation anxiety disorder or social phobia.
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| separation anxiety disorder | condition involving excessive, prolonged anxiety concerning separation from home or from people to whom a child is attached.
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| social phobia | extreme fear and/or avoidance of social situations.
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education