 |
1 | |
Which approach to cognitive development attempts to measure intelligence quantitatively? |
| | A) | behaviorist |
| | B) | psychometric |
| | C) | Piagetian |
| | D) | information-processing |
|
|
2 | |
As a baby sucks on a dry nipple, an experimenter plays a tape of a woman singing a lullaby. When the baby stops sucking, the singing stops; when the baby resumes sucking, the singing resumes. This is an example of |
| | A) | habituation |
| | B) | classical conditioning |
| | C) | operant conditioning |
| | D) | complex learning |
|
|
3 | |
Studies of 2- to 6-month-old babies whose kicking activates a mobile have found all but which of the following? |
| | A) | Infants remember to kick when they see the mobile again a few days later. |
| | B) | Infants remember to kick only if their legs are attached to the mobile. |
| | C) | Infants are likely to kick if they see another moving object. |
| | D) | Infants are more likely to kick when retested in similar surroundings. |
|
|
4 | |
Which of the following can reliably predict an infant's later intelligence? |
| | A) | Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale |
| | B) | Bayley Scales of Infant Development |
| | C) | both a and b |
| | D) | neither a nor b |
|
|
5 | |
HOME (the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment) has found a combination of all but which of the following fairly reliable in predicting children's IQ? |
| | A) | parents' responsiveness |
| | B) | parents' educational level |
| | C) | socioeconomic status |
| | D) | parents' involvement in children's play |
|
|
6 | |
Developmental priming mechanisms include all but which of the following? |
| | A) | mentoring in basic skills |
| | B) | celebration of accomplishments |
| | C) | protection from inappropriate punishment |
| | D) | close parental supervision |
|
|
7 | |
Babies tend to become more competent when given |
| | A) | strict rules regarding orderliness |
| | B) | as much parental attention as possible |
| | C) | freedom to explore |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
8 | |
At age 15, at-risk children who had participated in Partners for Learning, an early intervention program, during their preschool years |
| | A) | had IQs equal to or better than the average for the general population |
| | B) | had lost their early IQ gains and did no better than a control group |
| | C) | had lower IQs than at age 3, but higher IQs than a control group |
| | D) | had lower IQs than a control group |
|
|
9 | |
Which of the following is not something babies learn to do during the sensorimotor stage, according to Piaget? |
| | A) | organize their behavior toward goals |
| | B) | solve simple problems |
| | C) | coordinate sensory information |
| | D) | form lasting memories of events |
|
|
10 | |
In Piaget's terminology, thumb-sucking by a 2-month-old baby is a |
| | A) | primary circular reaction |
| | B) | secondary circular reaction |
| | C) | tertiary circular reaction |
| | D) | form of deferred imitation |
|
|
11 | |
According to Piaget, a 9-month-old baby who sees a toy on the floor, crawls to it, and picks it up is showing |
| | A) | an acquired adaptation |
| | B) | a tertiary circular reaction |
| | C) | coordination of secondary schemes |
| | D) | object permanence |
|
|
12 | |
According to Piaget, the approximate age at which babies typically begin to think is |
| | A) | 8 months |
| | B) | 12 months |
| | C) | 15 months |
| | D) | 18 months |
|
|
13 | |
According to Piaget, a 10-month-old baby who plays peekaboo is developing the concept of |
| | A) | object permanence |
| | B) | causality |
| | C) | invisible imitation |
| | D) | circular reactions |
|
|
14 | |
Research has challenged Piaget's estimate of the age at which children develop all but which of the following abilities? |
| | A) | object permanence |
| | B) | invisible imitation |
| | C) | understanding of number |
| | D) | trial-and-error problem solving |
|
|
15 | |
An infant's later intelligence shows a modest correlation with his or her |
| | A) | speed of habituation |
| | B) | visual recognition memory |
| | C) | visual novelty preference |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
16 | |
Violation-of-expectations research shows that 4½-month-old infants |
| | A) | recognize their ability to act on their environment but do not know that outside forces can have causal effects |
| | B) | can distinguish between events that flow into other events and events with no apparent cause |
| | C) | have developed cross-modal transfer |
| | D) | know that an inadequately supported object will fall |
|
|
17 | |
Cognitive neuroscience attributes infants' visual novelty preference to |
| | A) | preexplicit memory |
| | B) | explicit memory |
| | C) | implicit memory |
| | D) | working memory |
|
|
18 | |
Object permanence seems to depend on the development of |
| | A) | preexplicit memory |
| | B) | explicit memory |
| | C) | implicit memory |
| | D) | working memory |
|
|
19 | |
The social-contextual approach is chiefly concerned with |
| | A) | The relationship between parental responsiveness and children's intelligence |
| | B) | Parents' ability to create a stimulating home environment |
| | C) | Parents' involvement in children's play |
| | D) | The ways adults participate in children's learning |
|
|
20 | |
In a cross-cultural study based on Vygotsky's theory, caregivers in which of the following places gave much verbal instruction to children? |
| | A) | Mayan town in Guatemala |
| | B) | tribal village in India |
| | C) | Salt Lake City |
| | D) | Turkish city |
|
|
21 | |
A baby's earliest means of communication is |
| | A) | cooing |
| | B) | babbling |
| | C) | crying |
| | D) | smiling |
|
|
22 | |
Babies lose their sensitivity to sounds not used in their native language by |
| | A) | 2 to 4 months |
| | B) | 4 to 6 months |
| | C) | 10 to 12 months |
| | D) | 14 to 16 months |
|
|
23 | |
A 12-month-old baby who reaches for a ball and says "da" is using |
| | A) | a holophrase |
| | B) | a symbolic gesture |
| | C) | telegraphic speech |
| | D) | manual babbling |
|
|
24 | |
Telegraphic speech |
| | A) | is universal among 1- and 2-year-olds |
| | B) | is a form of prelinguistic speech |
| | C) | reflects the word order a child hears |
| | D) | consists of holophrases |
|
|
25 | |
The sentence "Mama goed bye-bye" is an example of a young child's tendency to |
| | A) | overregularize rules |
| | B) | speak ungrammatically |
| | C) | underextend word meanings |
| | D) | overextend word meanings |
|
|
26 | |
According to the nativist view of language acquisition, children learn to speak their native language by |
| | A) | imitating their parents and caregivers |
| | B) | analyzing the language they hear and figuring out its rules |
| | C) | repeating sounds that receive positive reinforcement |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
27 | |
When Kayla and her father talk, Kayla starts most of the conversations, and her father tends to acknowledge or repeat what she said. This fits the |
| | A) | scaffolding model |
| | B) | intentionality model |
| | C) | guided participation model |
| | D) | referential model |
|
|
28 | |
Child-directed speech, or "parentese," |
| | A) | focuses on telling children what to do |
| | B) | is most frequently used by working-class mothers |
| | C) | is more common in the United States than in other cultures |
| | D) | seems to help infants distinguish speech sounds |
|
|
29 | |
Parents or caregivers help 2-year-olds develop preliteracy skills when they do all but which of the following while reading to the children? |
| | A) | ask yes-or-no questions |
| | B) | correct wrong answers |
| | C) | expand on the children's answers |
| | D) | encourage the child to tell the story |
|
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education