 |  A Child's World: Infancy through Adolescence, 9/e Diane E. Papalia,
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Sally Wendkos Olds
Ruth Duskin Feldman
Psychosocial Development during the First Three Years
Learning Objectives
LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR SECTION IAfter reading and reviewing this section of Chapter 8, you should be able to do
the following.
Tell how researchers study babies' emotions; name at least five emotions
babies seem to show during the first year; and explain the relationship between
self-awareness and the development of emotions.
Identify four patterns of crying, and explain the value of crying as
a diagnostic tool.
Trace changes, with age, in what makes babies smile and laugh.
4. Describe three temperamental patterns, and tell how temperament is assessed.
Explain the significance of "goodness of fit" and its implications
for parenting.
Discuss influences on, and stability of, temperament.
Identify societal changes and cultural patterns in family life that
affect children's socialization, and cite two current trends in research on
the family's influence on personality development.
Point out the significance of Harlow's research on monkeys separated
from their mothers after birth.
Compare infants' interactions with their mothers and with their fathers,
and discuss the significance of the father-infant relationship, especially
with regard to gender-typing.
Summarize what is known about physical, cognitive, and psychosocial
differences between baby boys and girls.
Describe two common patterns of grandparenting, and discuss the importance
of the grandparent's role.
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| | | LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR SECTION IIAfter reading and reviewing this section of Chapter 8, you should be able to
do the following.
Describe the first crisis proposed by Erik Erikson, basic trust versus
basic mistrust.
Trace the development of an infant's early attachment behavior.
Describe and evaluate the Strange Situation and other instruments for
research on attachment.
Identify four patterns of attachment; discuss how these patterns are
established, influences upon them, and their long-term effects.
Describe research on the mutual regulation model and its relevance to
babies' emotional development.
Tell how a mother's depression can affect her baby, and name several
effective interventions.
Identify factors influencing stranger anxiety and separation anxiety.
Discuss whether or not infants exhibit social referencing.
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| | | LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR SECTION IIIAfter reading and reviewing this section of Chapter 8, you should be able to do
the following.
Trace three stages in the development of the self-concept during infancy
and toddlerhood.
Describe the second crisis proposed by Erik Erikson, autonomy versus
shame and doubt.
List at least four suggestions for dealing with toddlers' negativism
and developing socially acceptable behavior.
Discuss the development of self-regulation and its relationship to socialization
and internalization.
Assess the relationship of committed compliance and situational compliance
to the development of conscience.
Identify factors that influence the success of socialization.
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| | | LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR SECTION IVAfter reading and reviewing this section of Chapter 8, you should be able to do
the following.
Describe typical reactions to the arrival of a new baby and suggest ways
to help siblings adjust.
Describe the complex interactions between siblings during infancy and
toddlerhood.
Trace changes in typical social interactions among infants and toddlers,
and cite influences on individual differences in sociability
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education