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Life-Span Development Cover
Life-Span Development, 8/e
John W. Santrock, University of Texas - Dallas

Beginnings
Prenatal Development and Birth

Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the best answer



1

All of the following are periods of prenatal development, EXCEPT:
A)ovulation.
B)germinal.
C)embryonic.
D)fetal.
2

Human fertilization typically takes place in the:
A)ovary.
B)fallopian tube.
C)uterus.
D)vaginal canal.
3

A fertilized ovum is called:
A)a blastocyst.
B)an egg.
C)an embryo.
D)a zygote.
4

The period of prenatal development that occurs in the first two weeks after conception is called the period.
A)fetal
B)germinal
C)embryonic
D)blastocystic
5

A skin defect might be traced back to an initial problem with the embryo's cells.
A)mesoderm
B)ectoderm
C)microderm
D)endoderm
6

How does the placenta/umbilical cord life-support system prevent harmful bacteria from invading a fetus?
A)Bacteria are too large to pass through the placenta walls.
B)The placenta generates antibodies that attack and destroy bacteria.
C)Bacteria become trapped in the maze of blood vessels of the umbilical cord.
D)No one understands how the placenta keeps bacteria out.
7

During the second trimester, the amniotic sac is filled mainly with:
A)blood.
B)mucus.
C)urine.
D)air.
8

The fetal period is best described as a time when:
A)major organ systems emerge from the less differentiated endoderm and mesoderm.
B)support systems that sustain the fetus become fully formed and functioning.
C)fine details are added to systems that emerged during the embryonic period.
D)teratogens are most likely to impair development.
9

Organogenesis takes place during which stage of development?
A)germinal
B)zygotic
C)embryonic
D)fetal
10

While looking over a newborn, a physician notes that the neonate's outer ears are severely deformed. Based on her knowledge of prenatal development, the physician would suspect the damage occurred during the stage of development.
A)germinal
B)zygotic
C)embryonic
D)fetal
11

_________ are important dimensions for providing adequate health care for expectant mothers from various cultural groups.
A)Cultural assessments
B)Home care remedy evaluations
C)Hospice care options
D)Neonatal care units
12

A medicine woman or medicine man is an indigenous healer in which culture?
A)Anglo American
B)Asian American
C)Mexican American
D)Native American
13

Which phrase best defines a teratogen?
A)a life-support system that protects the fetus
B)an agent that stimulates the formation of organs
C)an abnormality in infants of alcoholic mothers
D)an environmental factor that produces birth defects
14

Which of the following statements about fetal alcohol syndrome is most accurate?
A)The infant is often physically deformed and below average in intelligence.
B)Fetal alcohol syndrome commonly results in miscarriages.
C)Fetal alcohol syndrome causes ectopic pregnancies.
D)Babies suffering from fetal alcohol syndrome are often born before term and with low birthweights.
15

A common characteristic of babies born to women who smoke during their pregnancies is:
A)a missing arm or leg.
B)facial deformities and below-average intelligence.
C)restlessness and irritability.
D)lower birthweights.
16

All of the following have been found to endanger the unborn child EXCEPT:
A)saunas and hot tubs.
B)PCB-polluted fish.
C)carbon monoxide.
D)computer monitors.
17

Researchers now believe that maternal stress may lead to birth defects by:
A)reducing the amount of oxygen received by the embryo and fetus.
B)increasing the mother's susceptibility to viruses.
C)reducing the likelihood of a good placenta-to-uterus connection.
D)increasing the likelihood of an unusual chromosome split during meiosis.
18

Which of the following statements about the relationship between age and pregnancy outcome is most accurate?
A)Adolescent mothers are most likely to have retarded children.
B)Artificially inseminated women in their thirties and forties are more likely to become pregnant than those in their twenties.
C)Mothers over age thirty are most likely to have retarded babies.
D)Adolescent mothers suffer the lowest infant mortality rates of any age group.
19

Now that Eric and Luz have established their careers and are in their mid-twenties, they are planning to have a baby. In terms of Eric's concerns about the paternal factors that may affect his child, he should be most concerned about:
A)his high-stress job as an attorney.
B)the second-hand smoke he encounters in his law office.
C)his age.
D)his low dietary intake of vitamin C.
20

With respect to prenatal care, which of the following countries has the lowest quality medical and educational services?
A)Norway
B)the United States
C)Sweden
D)France
21

Mrs. Peters is experiencing contractions every 2 to 5 minutes. She is in which stage of birth?
A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth
22

Which of the following can lead to anoxia during the birth process?
A)having the umbilical cord tighten around the neck of the fetus
B)use of forceps to help ease the infant from the birth canal
C)an episiotomy (surgically widening the vaginal opening)
D)Braxton-Hicks contractions
23

A physician might elect to give a pregnant mother an oxytocic if:
A)her contractions have stopped.
B)she is bleeding vaginally.
C)she has stopped ovulating.
D)her placenta has partially detached.
24

Which statement about the influence on newborns of drugs used during birth is the most accurate?
A)Experiments on the effects of drugs on childbirth raise few ethical questions.
B)Methodological problems complicate the results of studies of drug use during labor.
C)Drugs affect all infants in almost the same way.
D)Most mothers choose standard childbirth, so researchers are able to learn about how drugs affect labor.
25

Eleni is a doula. This means she is a:
A)physician who specializes in obstetrics.
B)nurse with a specialty in obstetrics.
C)caregiver who provides support for the mother during birth.
D)nurse-practitioner who is trained as a midwife to delivery babies.
26

The main premise of natural or prepared childbirth is summarized by the phrase:
A)"knowledge is power."
B)"always say 'no' to drugs."
C)"it takes two to tango."
D)"easy does it."
27

Aisha is using a childbirth strategy that includes a detailed anatomy and physiology course during pregnancy and a special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stages of labor. She is using which method?
A)natural childbirth
B)the Lamaze method
C)cesarean delivery
D)the Read method
28

During the 1980s, the rate of cesarean deliveries performed in the United States:
A)increased dramatically.
B)increased slightly.
C)decreased slightly.
D)decreased dramatically.
29

A "preterm" baby cannot have gestated for more than weeks.
A)26
B)30
C)34
D)38
30

Which of the following statements about a shortened gestation period is most accurate?
A)It is common for low-birthweight infants.
B)It often leads to organ malformation.
C)It is almost always devastating.
D)It alone does not necessarily harm an infant.
31

Increases in survival rates for infants who are born very early and very small would predict:
A)increases in severe brain damage.
B)a more adaptable immune system.
C)a tendency toward substance abuse later in life.
D)higher levels of academic achievement than normal weight infants.
32

In contrast to the Brazelton scale, the Apgar primarily assesses a newborn's:
A)psychological status.
B)reflexes.
C)physiological health.
D)responsivity to people.
33

Two-day-old Terry's very low Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale score is often a good indicator that:
A)he has brain damage.
B)his mother took heroin while she was pregnant.
C)he will develop a "difficult" temperament.
D)he is unlikely to bond with his primary caregiver.
34

Which of the following terms refers to a physical change that occurs to women after childbirth?
A)decompression
B)decompensation
C)involution
D)menarche
35

Marjorie has just had a healthy baby boy and a relatively easy birth. However, now that she is home with her baby, she is experiencing emotional fluctuations. Which of the following is most likely true?
A)Marjorie should get professional counseling immediately.
B)Marjorie needs to get more education about how to care for her baby and deal with her feelings.
C)Marjorie's husband should stay home from work to help her care for the baby.
D)Marjorie's emotional fluctuations may be due to hormonal changes, fatigue, or demands of having a new baby.

Match the following persons with the statement or theory that most closely reflects their perspective:



36

Fernand Lamaze
A)Researcher in the area of fetal alcohol syndrome
B)Women under stress are much more likely to have premature babies
C)English obstetrician who developed natural childbirth
D)Explored the role of touch and massage in development
E)French obstetrician who developed prepared childbirth
F)Developed a neonatal assessment of neurological development
G)Neonatal nurse who researches interventions with low-income women
37

Tiffany Field
A)Researcher in the area of fetal alcohol syndrome
B)Women under stress are much more likely to have premature babies
C)English obstetrician who developed natural childbirth
D)Explored the role of touch and massage in development
E)French obstetrician who developed prepared childbirth
F)Developed a neonatal assessment of neurological development
G)Neonatal nurse who researches interventions with low-income women
38

T. Berry Brazelton
A)Researcher in the area of fetal alcohol syndrome
B)Women under stress are much more likely to have premature babies
C)English obstetrician who developed natural childbirth
D)Explored the role of touch and massage in development
E)French obstetrician who developed prepared childbirth
F)Developed a neonatal assessment of neurological development
G)Neonatal nurse who researches interventions with low-income women
39

Ann Streissguth
A)Researcher in the area of fetal alcohol syndrome
B)Women under stress are much more likely to have premature babies
C)English obstetrician who developed natural childbirth
D)Explored the role of touch and massage in development
E)French obstetrician who developed prepared childbirth
F)Developed a neonatal assessment of neurological development
G)Neonatal nurse who researches interventions with low-income women
40

Christine Dunkel-Schetter
A)Researcher in the area of fetal alcohol syndrome
B)Women under stress are much more likely to have premature babies
C)English obstetrician who developed natural childbirth
D)Explored the role of touch and massage in development
E)French obstetrician who developed prepared childbirth
F)Developed a neonatal assessment of neurological development
G)Neonatal nurse who researches interventions with low-income women
41

Linda Pugh
A)Researcher in the area of fetal alcohol syndrome
B)Women under stress are much more likely to have premature babies
C)English obstetrician who developed natural childbirth
D)Explored the role of touch and massage in development
E)French obstetrician who developed prepared childbirth
F)Developed a neonatal assessment of neurological development
G)Neonatal nurse who researches interventions with low-income women
42

Grantley Dick-Read
A)Researcher in the area of fetal alcohol syndrome
B)Women under stress are much more likely to have premature babies
C)English obstetrician who developed natural childbirth
D)Explored the role of touch and massage in development
E)French obstetrician who developed prepared childbirth
F)Developed a neonatal assessment of neurological development
G)Neonatal nurse who researches interventions with low-income women