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of American youth continue their education after high school. |
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Prior to the 1900s, high schools were designed for . |
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Recently, politicians and parents have suggested that schools scale down offerings and place greater emphasis on traditional subjects such as english, math, science, social studies, and the new basic - computer science. |
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Today, many parents believe that , which allow parents and school staff more flexibility in curricular design, are a necessary alternative to the public comprehensive high school. |
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The erosion of job opportunities in has eroded the motivation of students in these contexts. |
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Junior high schools and, more recently, , have been created with the knowledge that the intellectual and emotional maturity of 6th-8th graders is not similar to that of 9th-12th graders, and as such these students should benefit from attending a school that is designed specifically for their abilities. |
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is the process of separating students with different levels of abilities into different classes. |
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During adolescence, girls may develop the attitude that is a subject for males. |
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Teachers are more likely to communicate to girls that low math scores reflect lower ability, while they communicate to boys that low scores reflect . |
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are those who score 130 or higher on an intelligence test. |
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Students with a are those whose achievement is lower than their expected performance. |
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Educators have debated whether gifted and learning disabled students are best served by instruction in separate classes or by , the integration of all students with special needs into regular classrooms. |
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The U.S. Supreme Court ruling in the case of outlawed school segregation on the basis of race. |
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Desegregation has little effect on student . |
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The 1990s saw the emergence of , wherein parents could "purchase" enrollment for their child at the school of their choice, either public or private. |
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Another recent option is a type of school called , which are independent public schools that are free to operate as they desire, without as much accountability to state governments as public schools. |
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Schools and parents in such communities generate , interpersonal resources that give privileged students advantages that poorer students do not usually receive. |
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Students achieve at a in school when the schools are responsive and demanding. |
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in learning is the extent to which students are psychologically committed to learning and mastering the material, rather than merely completing the assigned work. |
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To elicit student engagement in learning, teachers should assign work that is - work that is interesting, enjoyable, and relevant to the real world. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education