| Measuring the Properties of Stars | 355 |
| 12.1Measuring a Star's Distance | 356 |
| Measuring Distance by Triangulation and Parallax | 356 |
| Measuring Distance by the Standard-Candles Method | 358 |
| Extending Our Reach: Measuring the Distance to Sirius | 359 |
| 12.2Measuring the Properties of Stars from Their Light | 360 |
| Temperature | 360 |
| Luminosity | 361 |
| The Inverse-Square Law and Measuring a Star's Luminosity | 361 |
| Radius | 362 |
| The Stefan-Boltzmann Law | 363 |
| Extending Our Reach: Measuring the Radius of the Star Sirius | 365 |
| The Magnitude System | 365 |
| 12.3Spectra of Stars | 366 |
| Measuring a Star's Composition | 367 |
| How Temperature Affects a Star's Spectrum | 368 |
| Classification of Stellar Spectra | 368 |
| Re-Modeling: New Spectrum Classes | 370 |
| Definition of the Spectral Classes | 370 |
| Measuring a Star's Motion | 371 |
| 12.4Binary Stars | 373 |
| Visual and Spectroscopic Binaries | 374 |
| Measuring Stellar Masses with Binary Stars | 375 |
| Eclipsing Binary Stars | 376 |
| 12.5Summary of Stellar Properties | 377 |
| 12.6The H-R Diagram | 377 |
| Constructing the H-R Diagram | 378 |
| Analyzing the H-R Diagram | 379 |
| Giants and Dwarfs | 380 |
| The Mass-Luminosity Relation | 380 |
| Luminosity Classes | 381 |
| Summary of the H-R Diagram | 382 |
| 12.7Variable Stars | 382 |
| 12.8Finding a Star's Distance by the Method of Standard-Candles | 384 |
| Project | 388 |
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education