| The Earth | 151 |
| 5.1The Earth As a Planet | 152 |
| Shape and Size of the Earth | 152 |
| Composition of the Earth | 154 |
| Density of the Earth | 154 |
| Extending Our Reach: Measuring the Earth's Mass | 155 |
| 5.2The Earth's Interior | 155 |
| Probing the Interior with Earthquake Waves | 155 |
| Heating of the Earth's Core | 158 |
| 5.3The Age of the Earth | 160 |
| 5.4Motions in the Earth's Interior | 161 |
| Convection in the Earth's Interior | 161 |
| Plate Tectonics | 161 |
| Extending Our Reach: Measuring the Motion of Plates across Time | 164 |
| 5.5The Earth's Atmosphere | 164 |
| Composition of the Atmosphere | 165 |
| Origin of the Atmosphere | 165 |
| The Ozone Layer | 167 |
| The Greenhouse Effect | 167 |
| Structure of the Atmosphere | 168 |
| 5.6The Earth's Magnetic Field | 169 |
| Origin of the Earth's Magnetic Field | 170 |
| Magnetic Effects in the Upper Atmosphere | 170 |
| 5.7Motions of the Earth | 172 |
| Air and Ocean Circulation: The Coriolis Effect | 172 |
| Precession | 174 |
| Project | 177 |