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1 | |
To the Eisenhower Administration, all of the following were significant weaknesses to the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) EXCEPT: |
| | A) | Its failure to include regional neutral nations such as Burma, India, and Indonesia. |
| | B) | Restrictions in the Geneva Accords that prevented Laos, Cambodia, and South Vietnam from participating formally. |
| | C) | The alliance's "western colorization." |
| | D) | The pact's avoidance of NATO-like commitments and ability to furnish the United States with the legal basis for intervention in Indochina. |
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2 | |
Which of the following problems beset the South Vietnamese government in 1954: |
| | A) | A war-ravaged economy. |
| | B) | Antiquated governmental institutions. |
| | C) | An absence of popular support both in the countryside and among non-Communist nationalists. |
| | D) | Continued Vietminh control of key territory. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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3 | |
In August 1954, a National Intelligence Estimate rated the chances of creating a stable and effective government in South Vietnam as: |
| | A) | Excellent. |
| | B) | Likely, but at a great cost. |
| | C) | All but assured. |
| | D) | Poor. |
| | E) | Possible with British assistance. |
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4 | |
Which of the following personal characteristics most accounted for Ngo Dinh Diem's rise to power in South Vietnam in the mid 1950s: |
| | A) | His persistence when confronted by danger and his surprising capacity for political survival. |
| | B) | His wistful determination to restore the imperial Vietnamese system that French colonialism had destroyed. |
| | C) | His keen sensitivity to the needs and aspirations of South Vietnam's peasants. |
| | D) | His well-thought-out plan to modernize South Vietnam. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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5 | |
Which of the following helped fuel conflict between France and the United States in 1954-1955: |
| | A) | American officials believed that the French government was simultaneously trying to retain control of South Vietnam and establish close relations with Hanoi. |
| | B) | Washington feared that Paris would support fair elections that would result in a Communist victory under Ho Chi Minh. |
| | C) | French officials concluded that Washington sought to use Diem to supplant France's position in South Vietnam. |
| | D) | France had rejected the European Defense Community. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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6 | |
The following sects threatened Ngo Dinh Diem's fledgling government in 1955 EXCEPT: |
| | A) | The Cao Dai. |
| | B) | The Dek Dek. |
| | C) | The Hoa Hao. |
| | D) | The Binh Xuyen. |
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7 | |
Washington shifted from giving Diem lukewarm support to backing him strongly in 1955 because: |
| | A) | Diem ably resolved South Vietnam's tremendous economic difficulties. |
| | B) | Hanoi agreed to recognize Diem's government. |
| | C) | Diem's army won a surprising victory over the sects. |
| | D) | Diem won the blessings of South Vietnam's influential Buddhist hierarchy. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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8 | |
Throughout the late 1950s, the fundamental goal of American policy in South Vietnam remained: |
| | A) | Maintaining South Vietnam as a barrier against Communist expansion. |
| | B) | Neutralizing Southeast Asia in the ongoing Cold War. |
| | C) | Effecting a rapprochement with Ho Chi Minh. |
| | D) | Using South Vietnam as a base for launching air attacks against the People's Republic of China. |
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9 | |
From 1955 to 1961 American economic and military aid to South Vietnam totaled approximately: |
| | A) | $10 million. |
| | B) | $50 million. |
| | C) | $500 million. |
| | D) | $1 billion. |
| | E) | $10 billion. |
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10 | |
From 1955-1961, the vast majority of American assistance to South Vietnam went toward: |
| | A) | Establishing a viable, democratic government based on majority rule. |
| | B) | Creating a strong army to counter North Vietnam's powerful military. |
| | C) | Spreading American values among South Vietnam's impoverished peasants. |
| | D) | Building a modern industrial economy. |
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11 | |
The Military Assistance and Advisory Group's (MAAG) effort to turn South Vietnam's army into an effective force failed for which of the following reasons: |
| | A) | A lack of sufficiently educated officers. |
| | B) | Diem's determination to base the promotion of officers on loyalty to his regime rather than on merit. |
| | C) | The American decision to train the South Vietnamese army for a conventional war rather than the rural insurgency it would eventually have to fight. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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12 | |
The commercial-import program suffered from: |
| | A) | Its failure to ease inflation or offset South Vietnam's foreign exchange deficit. |
| | B) | Its tendency to focus on financing artificially high living standards rather than on developing industry or agriculture. |
| | C) | The high proportion of assistance it provided to North Vietnam. |
| | D) | The Eisenhower Administration's unwillingness to commit sufficient funds to Vietnam. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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13 | |
Diem used his political philosophy—"personalism"—to: |
| | A) | Bring together Vietnam's many diverse ethnic groups. |
| | B) | Build popular support for democratic values. |
| | C) | Justify absolute state control and his belief that the ruling elite should determine the general welfare. |
| | D) | Rationalize opening a dialog with Ho Chi Minh. |
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14 | |
The "reeducation centers" that Diem established in the late 1950s: |
| | A) | Imprisoned thousands of Communists and non-Communists, and helped fuel steadily increasing discontent in South Vietnam. |
| | B) | Affected only a handful of people. |
| | C) | Won the loyalty of "stay-behind" Communists through free education and the extension of rural aid. |
| | D) | Were the centerpiece of Diem's effort to achieve full literacy in South Vietnam by 1965. |
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15 | |
Despite South Vietnam's vulnerability, Hanoi chose not to pursue reunification in the late 1950s because: |
| | A) | Periodic border skirmishes with China compelled North Vietnam to station most of its troops on its northern border. |
| | B) | Hanoi feared that America would respond to any aggression with nuclear weapons. |
| | C) | Ho Chi Minh believed that Vietnam should only be reunified by peaceful means. |
| | D) | Hanoi faced daunting postwar reconstruction and nation-building problems including popular resistance to its program of land reform. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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16 | |
The North Vietnamese government gradually committed itself to supporting a Communist insurgency against the Diem government between 1957 and 1959 because: |
| | A) | Diem's anti-Communist campaign had proven so successful that it threatened the survival of the revolutionary apparatus in the south. |
| | B) | Hanoi had successfully secured the revolution in North Vietnam. |
| | C) | Ho Chi Minh had decided to delay the completion of the socialist revolution in the north. |
| | D) | Washington had signaled its intention to abandon South Vietnam. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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17 | |
Diem's "agroville" program proved to be: |
| | A) | A stunning success that rallied the peasants to the government and thereby eroded support for the National Liberation Front (NLF). |
| | B) | A complete flop that bred widespread resentment among peasants angry at being removed from their homes and separated from the sacred burial grounds of their ancestors. |
| | C) | A well-funded but poorly administered program that produced mixed results. |
| | D) | Popular with South Vietnam's rural people, but a failure because of insufficient government support. |
| | E) | More successful politically than economically. |
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18 | |
In 1960, Ambassador Elbridge Durbrow: |
| | A) | Argued that America should force Diem to implement broad reforms in exchange for further military aid. |
| | B) | Attempted to persuade a reluctant Diem to declare martial law and to centralize his authority |
| | C) | Backed a plot to replace Diem with a government dominated by the military. |
| | D) | Called publicly for direct American control of South Vietnam. |
| | E) | Urged President Eisenhower to end America's commitment to South Vietnam. |
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19 | |
Despite Diem's weakening position, this nation temporarily eclipsed South Vietnam as the Cold War's principal Southeast Asian battleground in 1960: |
| | A) | Thailand. |
| | B) | The Philippines. |
| | C) | Burma. |
| | D) | Cambodia. |
| | E) | Laos. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education