Choose the best answer.
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1 | |
Two thermometers, one calibrated in °F and the other in °C, are used to measure the same temperature. The numerical reading on the Fahrenheit thermometer _________________. |
| | A) | is less than that on the Celsius thermometer |
| | B) | is equal to that on the Celsius thermometer |
| | C) | is greater than that on the Celsius thermometer |
| | D) | may be any of the above, depending on the temperature |
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2 | |
The fluid at the bottom of a container is _________________. |
| | A) | under less pressure than the fluid at the top |
| | B) | under the same pressure as the fluid at the top |
| | C) | under more pressure than the fluid at the top |
| | D) | any of the above, depending upon the circumstances |
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3 | |
The pressure of the earth's atmosphere at sea level is due to _____________________. |
| | A) | the gravitational attraction of the earth for the atmosphere |
| | B) | the heating of the atmosphere by the sun |
| | C) | the fact that most living things constantly breathe air |
| | D) | evaporation of water from the seas and oceans |
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4 | |
A cake of soap placed in a bathtub of water sinks. The buoyant force on the soap is ______________. |
| | A) | 0 |
| | B) | less than its weight |
| | C) | equal to its weight |
| | D) | more than its weight |
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5 | |
Which of the following statements is not correct? |
| | A) | Matter is composed of time particles called molecules |
| | B) | These molecules are in constant motion, even in solids |
| | C) | All molecules have the same size and mass |
| | D) | The differences between the solid, liquid, and gaseous state of matter lie in the relative freedom of motion of their respective molecules |
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6 | |
Absolute zero may be regarded as that temperature at which _________________. |
| | A) | water freezes |
| | B) | all gases become liquids |
| | C) | all substances become solid |
| | D) | molecular motion in a gas would be the minimum possible |
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7 | |
On the molecular level, heat is _________________. |
| | A) | kinetic energy |
| | B) | potential energy |
| | C) | rest energy |
| | D) | all of the above, in proportions that depend on the circumstances |
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8 | |
In the drawing below, a force of 152 N is applied to an area of 0.0095 m2. What is the resulting pressure?
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| | A) | 1.44 Pa |
| | B) | 152.095 Pa |
| | C) | 6.25 × 10-5 |
| | D) | 1.6 × 105 Pa |
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9 | |
When evaporation occurs, the liquid that remains is cooler because _____________________. |
| | A) | the pressure on the liquid decreases |
| | B) | the volume of the liquid decreases |
| | C) | the slowest molecules remain behind |
| | D) | the fastest molecules remain behind |
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10 | |
In any process, the maximum amount of heat that can be converted to mechanical energy ___________________. |
| | A) | depends on the amount of friction present |
| | B) | depends on the intake and exhaust temperatures |
| | C) | depends on whether kinetic or potential energy is involved |
| | D) | is 100 percent |
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11 | |
In any process, the maximum amount of mechanical energy that can be converted to heat __________________. |
| | A) | depends on the amount of friction present |
| | B) | depends on the intake and exhaust temperatures |
| | C) | depends on whether kinetic or potential energy is involved |
| | D) | is 100 percent |
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12 | |
The heat a refrigerator absorbs from its contents is ___________________. |
| | A) | less than it gives off |
| | B) | the same amount it gives off |
| | C) | more than it gives off |
| | D) | any of the above, depending on its design |
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13 | |
The second law of thermodynamics does not lead to the conclusion that ____________________. |
| | A) | on a molecular level, order will eventually become disorder in the universe |
| | B) | all the matter in the universe will eventually end up at the same temperature |
| | C) | no heat engine can convert heat into work with 100 percent efficiency |
| | D) | the total amount of energy in the universe, including rest energy, is constant |
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14 | |
The great the entropy of a system of particles, ________________. |
| | A) | the less the energy of the system |
| | B) | the more the energy of the system |
| | C) | the less the order of the system |
| | D) | the more the order of the system |
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15 | |
Absolute zero, or 0 K, is the lowest possible temperature because ___________________. |
| | A) | no scientific instrument has yet been designed that can measure temperatures lower than 0 K |
| | B) | this is the lowest temperature ever recorded on earth or anywhere else in the universe |
| | C) | entropy is at a maximum at this temperature |
| | D) | there can be no smaller amount of molecular kinetic energy than that at 0 K |
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16 | |
Ethyl alcohol boils at 172°F. The Celsius equivalent of this temperature is __________________. |
| | A) | 64°C |
| | B) | 78°C |
| | C) | 140°C |
| | D) | 278°C |
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17 | |
A 400-kg concrete block has the dimensions 1 m × 0.6 m × 0.3m. Its density is ___________________. |
| | A) | 72 kg/m3 |
| | B) | 222 kg/m3 |
| | C) | 667 kg/m3 |
| | D) | 2222 kg/m3 |
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18 | |
The block of Question 17 can exert three different pressure on a horizontal surface, depending upon which face it rests on. The highest pressure is ____________________. |
| | A) | 0.7 kPa |
| | B) | 2.2 kPa |
| | C) | 13.1 kPa |
| | D) | 21.8 kPa |
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19 | |
At which of the following temperatures would the molecules of a gas have twice the average kinetic energy they have at room temperature, 20°C? |
| | A) | 40°C |
| | B) | 80°C |
| | C) | 313°C |
| | D) | 586°C |
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20 | |
A heat engine absorbs heat at a temperature of 127°C and exhausts heat at a temperature of 77°C. Its maximum efficiency is _____________________. |
| | A) | 13 percent |
| | B) | 39 percent |
| | C) | 61 percent |
| | D) | 88 percent |
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