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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1

Which of the following are the parts of neurons?
A)brain, spinal cord, and vertebral column
B)dendrite, axon, and cell body
C)sensory and motor
D)cortex, medulla and sheath
E)sympathetic and parasympathetic
2

A dendrite conducts nerve impulses ________ the cell body.
A)away from
B)toward
C)both toward and away from
D)around, bypassing
E)only inside
3

An axon conducts nerve impulses _________ the cell body.
A)away from
B)toward
C)both toward and away from
D)around, bypassing
E)only inside
4

Which of the following is/are type(s) of neurons?
A)sensory
B)motor
C)interneurons
D)all of the above
5

Sensory nerve cells act as the decision-making cells to sum up all signals for certain stimuli.
A)True
B)False
6

Neuroglial cells support and provide nutrition for the ________.
A)muscle cells
B)glands
C)neurons
D)nephrons
7

Neurons often have many short dendrites and a long axon.
A)True
B)False
8

A sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system take nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the ________ .
A)motor neurons
B)interneurons
C)autonomic nervous system
D)central nervous system
9

Nerve impulses go from sensory neurons in sense organs directly to the muscles and glands that respond.
A)True
B)False
10

An interneuron has _____________.
A)long dendrites and a short axon
B)long dendrites and a long axon
C)short dendrites and a long axon
D)short dendrites and a long or short axon
11

Schwann cells are the main neurons of the spinal cord.
A)True
B)False
12

Schwann cells are one of several types of ________ cells in the nervous system.
A)sensory
B)motor
C)association
D)neuroglial
13

Schwann cells produce layers of membrane containing myelin, which provides nutrition for the dendrites.
A)True
B)False
14

Gaps in the myelin sheath are called _______.
A)nodes of Ranvier
B)the synapse
C)axonal interstices
D)myelinoids
15

_______ is a disease of the myelin sheath.
A)Leprosy
B)Alzheimer disease
C)Multiple sclerosis
D)Polio
16

A nerve impulse is the way a sensory neuron receives information.
A)True
B)False
17

Nerve impulses create a change in voltage which is measured by and can be seen on a(n) ________.
A)stethoscope
B)electrocardiogram
C)oscilloscope
D)laparoscope
18

Axoplasm is the ________ .
A)blood plasma that nourishes a nerve
B)fluid external to the axon but inside the myelin sheath
C)cytoplasm of the dendrite
D)cytoplasm of the axon
19

When the axon is conducting an impulse, the oscilloscope records a constant membrane potential, equal to about -65mV.
A)True
B)False
20

The resting potential indicates that the inside of the neuron is ________ compared to the outside.
A)under ionic pressure
B)positive
C)negative
D)inactive
21

The "sodium-potassium pump" pumps ___________.
A)sodium ions out and potassium ions in
B)sodium ions in and potassium ions out
C)sodium and potassium ions in
D)sodium and potassium ions out
22

The action potential pattern that appears on the oscilloscope screen is caused by rapid ________.
A)polarity changes
B)pH changes
C)breakdown of the membrane structure
D)all of the above
23

The action potential is measured in millivolts (mV) and is ranged from:
A)-90mV to +20mV
B)-70mV to +30mV
C)-65mV to +40mV
D)-30mV to +60mV
24

With an action potential, depolarization of the axomembrane is recorded as the gates open, allowing ________ to flow into the axon.
A)potassium ions
B)H+ ions
C)sodium ions
D)all of the above
25

The action potential changes the charge inside the axon from positive to negative.
A)True
B)False
26

A nerve fiber obeys an all-or-none law insofar as it either fires or does not fire depending on whether the stimulus is above a threshold.
A)True
B)False
27

As the action potential swings down,
A)potassium ions move out of the axon.
B)potassium ions move into the axon.
C)sodium ions move into the axon.
28

As the potassium ions move out of the axon, the oscilloscope records a ________.
A)depolarization
B)repolarization
C)equalizing of negative and positive ions
D)shutdown of the membrane pumps
29

A refractory period is___________.
A)a brief time when a neuron is unable to conduct an impulse
B)the period during which potassium and sodium ions are completely stable
C)the same as the resting potential
D)the short time the myelin sheath provides insulation from another impulse
E)is a reverse impulse that resets the sodium and potassium balance
30

In humans, transmission of nerve impulses across a synaptic cleft is carried out by ________.
A)sodium ions
B)potassium ions
C)neurotransmitter molecules
D)the nodes of Ranvier
31

Transmission across a synapse is achieved mainly by a________ .
A)ionic bonding
B)diffusion of neurotransmitter across the cleft
C)physical contact of axon to dendrite allowing the nerve impulse to continue onward
D)diffusion of sodium ions across the cleft
32

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are two well-known _________.
A)postsynaptic receptors
B)enzymes that rapidly inactivate neurotransmitters
C)drugs of abuse
D)neurotransmitters
33

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine act because of their affect on receptors at the ________ membrane.
A)axonal
B)cell body
C)presynaptic
D)postsynaptic
34

Which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down a neurotransmitter?
A)acetylcholine
B)serotonin
C)dopamine
D)acetylcholinesterase
35

_________ is the summing up of excitatory and inhibitory signals.
A)Acting potential
B)Reticular formation
C)Neurotransmission
D)Synapse
E)Integration
36

Excitatory signals have a ________ effect.
A)hyperpolarizing
B)neutral
C)depolarizing
D)positive
E)negative
37

What are the main divisions of the nervous system?
A)the sensory system and the motor system
B)the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system
C)the dendritic and the axonal systems
D)the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
38

The peripheral nervous system includes the nerves, which are neurons with cell bodies that occur in the ________.
A)sympathetic nervous system
B)brain, spinal cord, or in ganglia
C)motor system
D)autonomic system
39

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) lies outside the central nervous system (CNS).
A)True
B)False
40

The PNS nerves are part of either the somatic system or the ________ .
A)motor system
B)central nervous system
C)sympathetic system
D)parasympathetic system
E)autonomic system
41

The somatic system contains nerves that control _________.
A)skeletal muscles
B)internal organs, joints, and glands
C)skeletal muscles, skin, and glands
D)smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and glands
42

How many pairs of cranial nerves do humans have?
A)4
B)12
C)16
D)21
E)31
43

Humans have 12 pairs of spinal nerves.
A)True
B)False
44

Nerves are structures that contain many short fibers joined end-to-end.
A)True
B)False
45

The peripheral nervous system includes mixed nerves that _________.
A)serve the muscular and skeletal system
B)serve the sympathetic system
C)serve the parasympathetic system
D)contain both sensory and motor fibers
E)do not always know how to respond
46

The sensory neurons that come from internal organs send impulses to the CNS where reflex actions _____________.
A)are critical to conscious decision making
B)help maintain homeostasis
C)trigger all neurotransmitters
D)control our emotional moods
47

Which of the following are characteristic of the sympathetic system?
A)inhibits the digestive tract
B)dilates the bronchi
C)accelerates the heartbeat
D)all of the above
48

The parasympathetic system is called the "housekeeper system" because it keeps us alert and ready for "fight or flight."
A)True
B)False
49

Which of the following is/are characteristic of the parasympathetic system?
A)causes the pupil to contract
B)promotes digestion of food
C)retards the heartbeat
D)all of the above
50

The central nervous system consists of the ____________.
A)combination of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
B)brain and spinal cord
C)combined sensory and motor systems
D)cranial and spinal nerves
51

The part of the body that integrates the information it receives from all over the body in order to make decisions is called the ________.
A)peripheral nervous system
B)sympathetic nervous system
C)parasympathetic nervous system
D)central nervous system
52

The central nervous system consists only of the brain.
A)True
B)False
53

The brain and spinal cord are protected by membranes known as the ________.
A)nodes of Ranvier
B)meninges
C)axomembranes
D)myelin sheath
54

Cerebrospinal fluid is found only in the brain.
A)True
B)False
55

Higher thought processes for learning and memory are primarily in the ________.
A)medulla oblongata
B)cerebellum
C)cerebrum
D)pons
56

The ________ contains centers for heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure.
A)cerebellum
B)cerebrum
C)spinal cord
D)medulla oblongata
57

The medulla oblongata contains reflex centers for _______________.
A)vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccuping, and swallowing
B)kneejerk and blinking
C)sexual response
D)fast responses on test questions
58

The main function of the cerebellum is ___________.
A)consciousness
B)muscle coordination
C)homeostasis
D)sense reception
59

Which of the following areas of the cerebral cortex have been mapped in detail?
A)motor
B)sensory
C)association
D)all of the above
60

The two halves of the brain, the left brain and the right brain, are NOT connected and share no communication.
A)True
B)False
61

Alcohol is primarily metabolized in the_________.
A)brain, which accounts for its mental effects
B)muscles, which accounts for its effect on movement
C)liver, where it disrupts glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
D)bloodstream, which is why it has widespread effects
62

The biological effects of excess alcohol include(s) ____________.
A)lactic acid builds up and the blood becomes more acidic
B)excess active acetate cannot be broken down and the liver becomes fatty
C)fibrous scar tissue forms and liver cells die
D)high levels of calories, but too few amino acids, vitamins or minerals
E)all of the above are correct
63

The nicotine in cigarette smoke_________.
A)has been found to be perfectly harmless
B)causes an excess of dopamine which leads to drug dependence
C)decreases heartbeat rate and blood pressure
D)increases urine flow
E)all of the above
64

A person does not become physically dependent on marijuana.
A)True
B)False
65

The active ingredient in marijuana is____________.
A)nicotine
B)cocaine from Erythroxylum cocoa
C)dopamine
D)THC or tetrahydrocannabinol from the Cannabis sativa resin
E)an alkaloid of opium
66

The active ingredient in cocaine is ____________.
A)nicotine
B)a plant alkaloid from the Erythroxylum cocoa shrub
C)dopamine
D)THC or tetrahydrocannabinol from the Cannabis sativa resin
E)an alkaloid of opium
67

High doses of cocaine can cause death from cardiac and respiratory arrest.
A)True
B)False
68

Cocaine affects the mood by interfering with the uptake of ________ from synaptic clefts.
A)nicotine
B)oxygen
C)dopamine
D)acetylcholine
E)epinephrine
69

When a person needs more of a drug to feel the same high, it is called ________.
A)dependence
B)compensation
C)tolerance
D)withdrawal
E)dysphoria
70

Withdrawal from drugs is a safe procedure and does NOT cause any longterm physical harm.
A)True
B)False







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