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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1

All red blood cells are produced in the spleen.
A)True
B)False
2

Yellow bone marrow is primarily ___________.
A)for cartilage production
B)fat storage
C)osteoblasts and osteoclasts
D)collagen fibers and calcium salts
E)blood stem cells
3

Bones are held in place by muscles.
A)True
B)False
4

________ most often attach muscles to a joint.
A)Tendons
B)Ligaments
C)Menisci
D)Synovia
5

The spaces in spongy bones are often filled with red bone marrow, which produces ________.
A)cartilage
B)blood vessels and nerves
C)osteoblasts and osteoclasts
D)collagen fibers and calcium salts
E)blood cells
6

The central canals in compact bone contain __________.
A)cartilage
B)blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves
C)osteoblasts and osteoclasts
D)collagen fibers and calcium salts
E)blood stem cells
7

Osteocytes are found in the osteons.
A)True
B)False
8

Osteocytes are found in the osteons.
A)True
B)False
9

Cells that break down bone are called osteocytes.
A)True
B)False
10

The function(s) of an osteoclast is/are to ________________.
A)remove worn cells and deposit calcium in the blood
B)form new bone tissue
C)constantly generate new blood cells
D)generate cartilage
11

The production of new bone tissue is dependent on the growth of the ________ cells.
A)osteocyte
B)osteoclast
C)osteoblast
D)cartilage
12

The thickness of the bones never changes once a person is fully grown.
A)True
B)False
13

The axial skeleton lies in/at the ________ .
A)top of the body, supporting the head
B)extended limbs of the body
C)midline of the body
D)left and right side of the body
14

Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton, and they function to _____.
A)support the body
B)make bones move
C)release heat to maintain body temperature
D)protect internal organs
E)all of the above
15

The axial skeleton consists of _________.
A)only the skull
B)all bones within the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the attached limbs
C)the skull, vertebral column, hyoid and ribs
D)fingers and toes
16

All of the sinuses drain into the nasal cavity.
A)True
B)False
17

In newborns, certain cranial bones are NOT completely formed and instead are joined by membranous regions called ________.
A)sinuses
B)chitin
C)fontanels
D)osteons
18

The frontal, parietal and occipital are bones that form the ____________.
A)pelvic girdle
B)shoulder region
C)hand
D)skull
19

The jaw consists of the ___________.
A)frontal and parietal bones
B)mandible and maxillae
C)palatine, zygomatic and nasal bones
D)phalanges and carpals
20

The vertebral column extends from the skull to the ________.
A)frontal bone
B)pelvis
C)sternum
D)phalanges
21

Normally, the vertebral column is not straight but has ________ curvature(s).
A)one major
B)two
C)three
D)four
22

Intervertebral disks, located between the vertebrae, allow motion between the vertebrae so that we can bend.
A)True
B)False
23

All ribs connect directly to the lumbar vertebrae.
A)True
B)False
24

The two pairs of "floating ribs" are so-called because they are NOT attached to any other bone structure but are freely embedded in muscle.
A)True
B)False
25

Which of the following is NOT in the appendicular skeleton?
A)clavicle
B)coxal
C)metatarsals
D)vertebrae
26

The components of the ________ are loosely linked by ligaments rather than firm joints.
A)pelvic girdle
B)cranium
C)pectoral girdle
D)jaw
27

________ is a term that refers to either fingers or toes.
A)Carpals
B)Tarsals
C)Clavicles
D)Digits
E)Deltoid tubercles
28

The arm twists easily because the radius and the ulna are always parallel to each other.
A)True
B)False
29

The ________ bone that leads out to the thumb is positioned so that the thumb can reach out and touch the other digits.
A)carpal
B)tarsal
C)metacarpal
D)metatarsal
E)phalanges
30

The bones of the arm consist of the ______________.
A)zygomatic and palatine
B)clavicle and scapula
C)carpals, metacarpals and phalanges
D)humerus, ulna, and radius
E)patella, extensor and flexor
31

The joint in the arm that is most easily dislocated is the ________.
A)wrist where the carpals interface with the radius and ulna
B)head of the humerus that fits into the scapula
C)elbow where the humerus interfaces with the radius and ulna
D)none of the above since the arm does not suffer from dislocations
32

The scientific name for the hipbones that anchor to the sacrum is the ________ bone(s).
A)pubic arch
B)tibial
C)fibular
D)coxal
33

Which of the following is NOT a bone in the leg?
A)femur
B)tibia
C)ulna
D)fibula
34

In the lower leg, the fibula has a frontal ridge we call the "shin."
A)True
B)False
35

The bones of the toes are called phalanges.
A)True
B)False
36

Some bones, such as those in the ________, are sutured together in fibrous joints and are therefore immovable.
A)hand and foot
B)cranium
C)vertebrae
D)knee
37

Most joints are freely movable ________ joints.
A)fibrous
B)cartilaginous
C)synovial
D)cranial
38

A knee joint contains 13 fluid-filled sacs called _______.
A)menisci
B)sutures
C)bursa
D)synovia
E)phalanges
39

The knee is an example of a ________ joint.
A)fibrous
B)cartilaginous
C)synovial
D)cranial
E)ball-and-socket
40

The knee contains crescent-shaped pieces of cartilage between the bones called bursa.
A)True
B)False
41

The knee has pieces of cartilage between the bones called ________.
A)bursae
B)fontanels
C)synovia
D)menisci
42

Synovial joints occur in two types: ______________.
A)cartilaginous and fibrous joints
B)hinge and ball-and-socket joints
C)synovia and bursae
D)those joined by ligaments and those joined by tendons
43

The most versatile joints that permit the most movement are the _____________.
A)hinge joints
B)ball-and-socket joints
C)fibrous and cartilaginous joints
D)vertebral joints
44

Synovial joints are subject to a general disease called ________.
A)arthritis
B)bursitis
C)osteoporosis
D)tendinitis
E)multiple sclerosis
45

Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by __________.
A)a bacteria
B)a virus
C)a reaction to an immunization
D)an autoimmune reaction
E)too much exercise
46

Osteoarthritis develops because the cartilage at the ends of the bones disintegrates.
A)True
B)False
47

Movable joints are classified according to the degree of ________ .
A)protection they afford
B)movement they provide
C)weight they support
D)stress they endure
48

Because we need to both extend and flex at a joint, skeletal muscles generally work in ________.
A)parallel contraction at the same time
B)a constant state of flexion
C)antagonistic pairs
D)cycles of forcible extension and forcible contraction
49

The lower arm extends when the ___________.
A)triceps brachii contracts
B)biceps brachii contracts
C)gastrocnemius contracts
D)muscle insertion meets the origin
50

Skeletal muscles attach ____________.
A)at two origins
B)with the insertion of the muscle on the bone that moves
C)with the origin of the muscle on the bone that moves
D)at two insertion points
51

A muscle fiber obeys the ____________.
A)law of maximum stimulus
B)law of self defense
C)all-or-none law
D)threshold stimulus
52

In a muscle fiber, the cell membrane is called the _________.
A)sarcolemma
B)sarcoplasm
C)sarcoplasmic reticulum
D)myofibril
53

A simple muscle twitch recorded on a physiograph is divided into what periods?
A)latent period
B)contraction period
C)relaxation period
D)all of the above
54

The visual graph formed from changing the mechanical force of contraction into an electrical current is called a/an ___________.
A)twitch pattern
B)EKG
C)myogram
D)oscilloscope tracing
55

Potassium ions (K+), which are stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, are essential for muscle contraction.
A)True
B)False
56

The contractile elements of muscle fibers are called ________.
A)creatine phosphate
B)sarcoplasm
C)sarcoplasmic reticulum
D)myofibrils
E)neuromuscular junctions
57

Myofibrils have light and dark bands called neuromuscular junctions.
A)True
B)False
58

A sarcomere extends between two dark ________ lines.
A)Q
B)Z
C)T
D)R
59

The two types of protein filaments in sarcomeres are tropomyosin and troponin.
A)True
B)False
60

According to the sliding filament theory, ________ is/are the filament(s) that slides.
A)neuromuscular junctions
B)actin
C)myosin
D)myofibrils
61

In the presence of calcium ions and ATP, _________ bend backward and attach to an actin filament.
A)neuromuscular junctions
B)creatine phosphate
C)sarcomeres
D)cross-bridges
62

After attaching, the cross-bridges of the myosin bend forward and the _________ is pulled along.
A)neuromuscular junction
B)creatine phosphate
C)sarcomere
D)actin filament
E)I band
63

Creatine phosphate ____________.
A)can be used in the reaction: actin + myosin = actomyosin
B)is used to regenerate ADP to ATP
C)is the molecule that triggers contraction
D)forms the core strand of myosin
64

________ is/are the direct source of the energy for muscle contraction.
A)ATP
B)Calcium ions
C)Five-carbon sugars
D)Mitochondria
E)ATPase enzyme
65

Oxygen debt is associated with ___________.
A)the metabolism of lactate that has accumulated with exercise
B)production of ATP
C)continued heavy breathing after exercise
D)all of the above
66

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction involves
A)calcium ions releasing ATP for energy
B)calcium ions binding with troponin, which shifts tropomyosin and allows the myosin-binding sites on actin to be exposed
C)neuromuscular junctions directly producing the movement of actin and myosin
D)actin filaments moving the myosin filaments in each sarcomere
67

When a muscle relaxes, even though stimulation continues, it is called _______.
A)summation
B)tetanus
C)buildup of lactate from pyruvic acid
D)fatigue
E)muscle twitch
68

The junction between a nerve and a muscle is called a_____________.
A)neuromuscular junction
B)synapse
C)sarcomere
D)neurotransmitter
69

A muscle contraction begins with release of _______, which reaches a sarcolemma, depolarizing the sarcolemma.
A)acetylcholine
B)calcium
C)lactic acid
D)ATP
E)cross-bridges
70

Exercise ____________.
A)improves cardiorespiratory endurance
B)increases lung and diffusion capacity
C)improves the ratio of protein to fat
D)helps prevent certain kinds of cancer
E)does all of the above
71

With exercise, muscles will enlarge due to _________.
A)each muscle cell enlarging
B)the addition of fat and fibrous tissue amidst the muscle tissue
C)enlargement of the blood vessels
D)the number of myofibrils within muscle fibers increasing
E)additional interstitial fluids attributed to steroid balance







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