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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1

Along with the nervous system, the ______ system coordinates the various activities of body parts.
A)digestive
B)endocrine
C)circulatory
D)respiratory
E)excretory
2

A moth sex attractant would be a _______.
A)hormone
B)neurotransmitter
C)pheromone
D)steroid
3

______ are chemical messengers that are produced in one body region but affect a different body region.
A)Enzymes
B)Endocrines
C)Neurotransmitters
D)Nucleic acids
E)Hormones
4

The endocrine system is quicker than the nervous system.
A)True
B)False
5

Certain cells respond to one hormone and not to another, depending on their receptors.
A)True
B)False
6

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream for transport to target organs.
A)True
B)False
7

Hormones are substances that fall into two basic categories:___________.
A)stimulator hormones and receptor hormones
B)proteins and sugars
C)male hormones and female hormones
D)non-steroid (peptide) hormones and steroid hormones
E)inter-organ and inter-organismic
8

Non-steroid hormones are produced by the adrenal glands, the ovaries, and the testes.
A)True
B)False
9

The receptors for non-steroid peptide hormones are on the ______.
A)plasma membrane
B)nuclear envelope
C)DNA receptor complex
D)peptide chain
10

Non-steroid peptide hormones enter the cell.
A)True
B)False
11

Steroid hormones do NOT bind to plasma membrane receptors.
A)True
B)False
12

Steroid hormones lead to the ______ .
A)destruction of normal DNA
B)replication of hormones by the cell DNA
C)synthesis of new enzymes
D)alteration of the Krebs cycle
E)better health and longer life
13

The pituitary is located beneath the thalamus in the brain.
A)True
B)False
14

The hypothalamus regulates ___________.
A)heart rate
B)body temperature
C)water balance
D)glandular secretions
E)all of the above
15

The pituitary gland is divided into two portions: the posterior pituitary and the anterior pituitary.
A)True
B)False
16

The posterior pituitary stores and secretes _________.
A)ADH and oxytocin
B)growth hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone
C)estrogen and testosterone
D)aldosterone and cortisone
E)adrenalin and insulin
17

ADH promotes the expulsion of water from the collecting duct, a portion of the nephron.
A)True
B)False
18

The function(s) of oxytocin is/are to ______________.
A)cause the uterus to contract
B)induce labor
C)stimulate the release of milk from the mother's mammary glands when her baby is nursing.
D)all of the above
19

Hypothalamic releasing and release-inhibiting hormones are transported from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary by way of __________.
A)the general bloodstream
B)a portal system of blood vessels directly connecting the two organs
C)direct contact between the two organs
D)a cascade of release-inhibit-release-etc. interactions
20

Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary that have a direct effect on the body, rather than trigger another gland, are __________.
A)GH, prolactin, and MSH
B)TSH, ACTH, and gonadotropic hormones
C)testosterone and estrogen
D)FH, LSH and progesterone
21

GH promotes __________.
A)cell division
B)protein synthesis
C)bone growth
D)all of the above
22

Which hormone dramatically affects physical appearance?
A)gonadotropin-releasing hormone
B)growth
C)steroid
D)male and female
23

If the production of GH increases in an adult after full height has been attained, only certain bones respond and result in acromegaly.
A)True
B)False
24

Prolactin is produced in quantity throughout every person's life.
A)True
B)False
25

In humans, MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) ___________.
A)regulates primary skin color
B)causes the thyroid to produce thyroxin
C)governs the rate of tanning
D)concentration is very low
26

An overproduction of GH in adults causes a condition called ______.
A)hyperthyroidism
B)acromegaly
C)a pituitary giant
27

The parathyroid glands are located __________ .
A)below the thyroid, hence the name "para"
B)above the thyroid, hence the name "para"
C)imbedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
D)distant from the thyroid but named because there are two and they resemble the thyroid glands
28

The thyroid gland is attached to the trachea just above the larynx.
A)True
B)False
29

If ______ is lacking in the diet, the thyroid gland enlarges, producing a goiter.
A)thyroxin
B)iron
C)iodine
D)calcium
E)phosphorus
30

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine, the thyroid hormones, do not have a specific target organ; instead, they stimulate most of the cells of the body to metabolize at a faster rate.
A)True
B)False
31

If the thyroid fails to develop properly from childhood, a condition called ______ results.
A)goiter
B)cretinism
C)acromegaly
D)pituitary dwarfism
E)myxedema
32

Hypothyroidism in adults produces a condition called _________ .
A)goiter
B)cretinism
C)acromegaly
D)pituitary dwarfism
E)myxedema
33

In addition to thyroxine and triiodothyronine, the thyroid gland produces ________.
A)TSH
B)ACTH
C)calcitonin
D)FSH
E)gonadotropin-releasing hormone
34

Calcitonin ____________.
A)regulates the calcium level in blood
B)is balanced by the action of parathyroid hormone
C)increases the deposit of calcium in bone
D)all of the above
35

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) ___________.
A)stops the absorption of calcium from the intestine
B)stimulates the release of calcium by the kidneys
C)causes blood calcium level to decrease
D)causes blood phosphate level to decrease
E)all of the above
36

If insufficient PTH is produced, the blood calcium level drops, resulting in ______.
A)reduced growth in childhood or parathyroid dwarfism
B)tetany, where the body shakes from continuous muscle contraction
C)osteoporosis
D)blood clotting
E)exophthalmic goiter
37

In tetany, the body shakes from continuous muscle contraction.
A)True
B)False
38

Calcium plays an important role in __________.
A)neural conduction
B)muscle contraction
C)blood clotting
D)all of the above
39

The adrenal glands consist of _________.
A)the inner and outer layer of the kidney
B)the inner medulla and the outer cortex
C)lower adrenal and upper paradrenal sections
D)ACTH and BCTH sections
40

The medulla and the cortex portions of the adrenal glands function together as a physiological unit.
A)True
B)False
41

The adrenal medulla secretes ______ under conditions of stress.
A)norepinephrine
B)epinephrine
C)both of the above
42

The adrenal ______ secretes a small amount of both sex hormones.
A)medulla
B)cortex
C)accessory gland
43

Cortisol is a ___________.
A)sex hormone
B)glucocorticoid
C)mineralocorticoid
44

ACTH controls the secretion of ___________.
A)cortisol
B)aldosterone
C)epinephrine
D)testosterone
45

Aldosterone regulates the blood sodium and potassium levels.
A)True
B)False
46

The primary target organ of aldosterone is _________.
A)the liver
B)the pancreas
C)the kidney
D)all of the above
47

The heart produces a hormone that acts to increase aldosterone.
A)True
B)False
48

Low levels of adrenal cortex hormones result in __________.
A)Addison disease
B)Cushing syndrome
C)diabetes
D)tetany
E)goiter
49

A person with Addison disease ___________.
A)is unable to replenish blood glucose levels under stressful conditions
B)develops dramatically more male features
C)develops a rounded face and edema
D)has overgrowth of hands and face
E)all of the above
50

A person with Cushing syndrome has a tendency toward diabetes mellitus.
A)True
B)False
51

The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine tissue.
A)True
B)False
52

The pancreatic endocrine tissues are called pancreatic islets.
A)True
B)False
53

There is/are ______ type(s) of diabetes mellitus.
A)one
B)three
C)two
D)five
54

The pancreatic islets produce __________.
A)insulin and glucagon
B)pancreatin
C)ACTH and aldosterone
D)pancreatic digestive enzymes
55

Insulin functions to __________.
A)promote the storage of nutrients
B)lower the blood glucose level by stimulating liver, fat and muscle cells to metabolize glucose
C)stimulate uptake of glucose by cells
D)all of the above
56

Glucagon increases the action of insulin.
A)True
B)False
57

In __________ diabetes the pancreas is NOT producing insulin.
A)type I
B)type II
C)type III
D)all forms of
58

It is believed that type I diabetes is brought on by an environmental agent, probably a virus.
A)True
B)False
59

Type II diabetes usually occurs in people who are obese and inactive.
A)True
B)False
60

In type II diabetes, insulin is produced but the live and muscle cells do NOT respond to it.
A)True
B)False
61

The ______ are the male sex hormones.
A)androgens
B)estrogens
C)aldosterones
D)insulins
E)pheromones
62

Anabolic steroids are ______ forms of testosterone.
A)natural
B)synthetic
C)super-active
D)ineffective
63

The thymus increases in size with aging.
A)True
B)False
64

The thymus aids the differentiation of ______ cells.
A)red blood
B)B
C)T
D)cancerous
65

The _________ produces the hormone melatonin.
A)pituitary gland
B)pineal gland
C)thyroid gland
D)pancreatic gland
E)hypothalamus
66

Melatonin is involved with circadian rhythms.
A)True
B)False
67

The family of chemical messengers that causes the pain and discomfort of menstruation are ___________.
A)ADH
B)progesterones
C)prostaglandins
D)steroids
68

_________ helps reduce pain because it inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins.
A)Cyanide
B)Acetominophen
C)Serotonin
D)Aspirin







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