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1 | |
Which portion of the flowering plant anchors the plant in the soil? |
| | A) | root system |
| | B) | shoot system |
| | C) | leaves |
| | D) | stem |
| | E) | reproductive system |
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2 | |
Which portion of a flowering plant absorbs water and minerals? |
| | A) | flower |
| | B) | blade |
| | C) | stem |
| | D) | root |
| | E) | petiole |
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3 | |
Which part of a plant is primarily responsible for photosynthesis? |
| | A) | flower |
| | B) | leaf blade |
| | C) | stem |
| | D) | leaf petiole |
| | E) | root |
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4 | |
Which part of a flowering plant will store carbohydrate as starch? |
| | A) | flower |
| | B) | blade |
| | C) | stem |
| | D) | petiole |
| | E) | root |
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5 | |
Which part of a flowering plant connects the blade of a leaf to the stem? |
| | A) | petiole |
| | B) | leaf veins |
| | C) | nodes |
| | D) | internode |
| | E) | terminal bud |
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6 | |
Which of the following structures provides nutrient molecules for growing plant embryos before the true leaves begin photosynthesizing? |
| | A) | petals of a flower |
| | B) | petiole |
| | C) | blade |
| | D) | stem |
| | E) | cotyledon |
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7 | |
Which of the following comparisons between a monocot and a dicot is NOT correct? |
| | A) | one cotyledon in seed—two cotyledons in seed |
| | B) | vascular bundles scattered in stem-vascular bundles in a distinct ring |
| | C) | leaf veins form a net pattern—leaf veins form a parallel pattern |
| | D) | flower parts in threes and multiples of three—flower parts in fours or fives and multiples of four or five |
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8 | |
Which of the following comparisons between a monocot and a dicot is NOT correct? |
| | A) | two cotyledons in seed—one cotyledons in seed |
| | B) | leaf veins form a parallel pattern—leaf veins form a net pattern |
| | C) | flower parts in threes and multiples of three—flower parts in fours or fives and multiples of four or five |
| | D) | root phloem occurs between arms of xylem—root xylem and phloem occur in ring |
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9 | |
Flowering plants are divided into three groups: monocots, dicots, and tricots. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | |
An example of a monocot plant is corn (maize) and an example of a dicot is the bean. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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11 | |
Dermal, ground, and vascular tissue systems in plants arise from apical meristem tissue. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | |
Plants grow throughout their entire lives because of ______ that continues to divide. |
| | A) | vascular tissue |
| | B) | dermal tissue |
| | C) | meristem tissue |
| | D) | ground tissue |
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13 | |
Which tissue forms the outer, protective covering of a plant? |
| | A) | dermal tissue |
| | B) | ground tissue |
| | C) | vascular tissue |
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14 | |
Which tissue system fills the bulk of the interior of a plant? |
| | A) | dermal tissue |
| | B) | ground tissue |
| | C) | vascular tissue |
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15 | |
Which tissue system conducts water and nutrients in a plant? |
| | A) | dermal tissue |
| | B) | ground tissue |
| | C) | vascular tissue |
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16 | |
Xylem and phloem belong to the ______ tissue system. |
| | A) | dermal |
| | B) | ground |
| | C) | vascular |
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17 | |
Parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells belong to the ______ tissue system in plants. |
| | A) | dermal |
| | B) | ground |
| | C) | vascular |
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18 | |
Which of the following cells protect the inner body parts and prevent the plant from drying out? |
| | A) | epidermal cells |
| | B) | parenchymal cell |
| | C) | sclerenchymal cell |
| | D) | sieve-tube cell |
| | E) | tracheid cell |
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19 | |
Which of the following cells are relatively unspecialized and correspond best to the generalized plant cell? |
| | A) | epidermal cells |
| | B) | parenchymal cell |
| | C) | sclerenchymal cell |
| | D) | sieve-tube cell |
| | E) | tracheid cell |
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20 | |
Which of the following cells are often hollow, nonliving, with extremely strong walls, and support other plant tissues and organs? |
| | A) | epidermal cells |
| | B) | parenchymal cell |
| | C) | sclerenchymal cell |
| | D) | sieve-tube cell |
| | E) | tracheid cell |
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21 | |
Which of the following cells are hollow and nonliving at maturity? |
| | A) | epidermal cell |
| | B) | parenchymal cell |
| | C) | tracheid |
| | D) | sieve-tube cell |
| | E) | companion cell |
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22 | |
Which of the following plant cells transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves? |
| | A) | epidermal cell |
| | B) | parenchymal cell |
| | C) | sclerenchymal cell |
| | D) | vessel element |
| | E) | sieve tube cell |
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23 | |
Which of the following transports organic nutrients, usually from the leaves to the roots? |
| | A) | epidermal cell |
| | B) | parenchymal cell |
| | C) | sclerenchymal cell |
| | D) | xylem |
| | E) | phloem |
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24 | |
Which of the following comparisons is NOT correct? |
| | A) | dermal tissue--epidermal cell |
| | B) | ground tissue--parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells |
| | C) | vascular tissue--xylem and phloem |
| | D) | xylem--tracheids and vessel elements |
| | E) | phloem--guard cells and vessel elements |
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25 | |
Which of the following cells will transport water from the roots to the leaves more freely? |
| | A) | sieve-tube cell |
| | B) | companion cell |
| | C) | tracheids |
| | D) | vessel elements |
| | E) | parenchymal cell |
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26 | |
Which of the following cells will always have at least one companion cell associated with it? |
| | A) | parenchyma cell |
| | B) | sclerenchyma cell |
| | C) | tracheid |
| | D) | vessel element |
| | E) | sieve-tube cell |
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27 | |
Which of the following cells have perforated end walls and cytoplasm, but no nuclei? |
| | A) | sclerenchyma cell |
| | B) | tracheid |
| | C) | vessel element |
| | D) | sieve-tube cell |
| | E) | companion cell |
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28 | |
Which of the following is NOT a function of a plant root? |
| | A) | storage of photosynthetic products |
| | B) | absorb water from the soil |
| | C) | absorb minerals from the soil |
| | D) | anchors a plant in the soil |
| | E) | site of photosynthesis |
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29 | |
The xylem is found in separate regions between the arms of the phloem in dicot roots. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
Because of the Casparian strip, water and minerals must pass through endodermal cells in order to reach the vascular cylinder. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
Which zone in a dicot root contains apical meristem? |
| | A) | zone of cell division |
| | B) | zone of elongation |
| | C) | zone of maturation |
| | D) | root cap |
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32 | |
Which part of the root provides a protective cover for the root tip? |
| | A) | zone of cell division |
| | B) | zone of elongation |
| | C) | zone of maturation |
| | D) | root cap |
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33 | |
In which part of a root will cells get longer as they specialize? |
| | A) | zone of cell division |
| | B) | zone of elongation |
| | C) | zone of maturation |
| | D) | root cap |
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34 | |
Which part of a root has cells that are mature and fully differentiated? |
| | A) | zone of cell division |
| | B) | zone of elongation |
| | C) | zone of maturation |
| | D) | root cap |
| | E) | root hairs |
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35 | |
Which part of a root increases tremendously the total absorptive surface area? |
| | A) | zone of cell division |
| | B) | zone of elongation |
| | C) | vascular cylinder |
| | D) | root cap |
| | E) | root hairs |
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36 | |
Root hairs extend from which of the following tissues in the dicot root? |
| | A) | epidermis |
| | B) | cortex |
| | C) | endodermis |
| | D) | vascular cylinder |
| | E) | pericycle |
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37 | |
Which of the following tissues in a dicot root contains starch granules and functions to store food? |
| | A) | epidermis |
| | B) | cortex |
| | C) | endodermis |
| | D) | vascular cylinder |
| | E) | pericycle |
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38 | |
The ring of waxy material that borders the endodermal cells on four sides is known as the ______ . |
| | A) | plasmodesmata |
| | B) | Casparian strip |
| | C) | cotyledon |
| | D) | pericycle |
| | E) | vascular cambium |
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39 | |
Which layer of tissue in the dicot root forms a boundary between the cortex and the vascular cylinder? |
| | A) | epidermis |
| | B) | Casparian strip |
| | C) | endodermis |
| | D) | zone of maturation |
| | E) | pericycle |
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40 | |
Which tissue in the dicot root regulates the entrance of minerals into the vascular cylinder? |
| | A) | epidermis |
| | B) | cortex |
| | C) | endodermis |
| | D) | root hairs |
| | E) | pericycle |
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41 | |
Which layer of cells within the dicot root retains the capacity to divide and start the development of branch or secondary roots? |
| | A) | epidermis |
| | B) | cortex |
| | C) | endodermis |
| | D) | vascular cylinder |
| | E) | pericycle |
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42 | |
Which tissue(s) in the vascular cylinder retains its capacity to divide and start new branches or secondary roots? |
| | A) | cortex |
| | B) | epidermis |
| | C) | xylem and phloem |
| | D) | pericycle |
| | E) | endodermis |
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43 | |
Which tissue within the vascular cylinder appears star-shaped in dicot roots? |
| | A) | pericycle |
| | B) | xylem |
| | C) | phloem |
| | D) | endodermis |
| | E) | cortex |
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44 | |
Which of the following tissue is present more often in monocot roots than in dicot roots? |
| | A) | epidermis |
| | B) | cortex |
| | C) | endodermis |
| | D) | xylem and phloem |
| | E) | pith |
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45 | |
Just as the root is separated into zones of cell division, elongation, and maturation, so can the stem be separated as it grows from the apical meristem. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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46 | |
An internode is a segment between the nodes on a stem. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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47 | |
Which of the following cells remains undifferentiated and is capable of continually dividing and producing new cells? |
| | A) | meristematic cell |
| | B) | tracheid |
| | C) | vessel element |
| | D) | sieve-tube cell |
| | E) | companion cell |
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48 | |
Which type of cell produces the cortex and pith of a plant? |
| | A) | leaf primordia |
| | B) | ground meristem |
| | C) | protoderm |
| | D) | sieve-tube cell with companion cell |
| | E) | procambium |
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49 | |
Which part of a plant functions to directly support leaves, flowers, and fruits, conducts substances, and helps store water and the products of photosynthesis? |
| | A) | root |
| | B) | stem |
| | C) | petiole |
| | D) | blade |
| | E) | bark |
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50 | |
The portion of a stem between two sequential node sis called a/an ______ . |
| | A) | primordial node |
| | B) | internode |
| | C) | petiole |
| | D) | terminal bud |
| | E) | axillary bud |
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51 | |
The shoot apical meristem is protected by ______ . |
| | A) | flowers |
| | B) | bark |
| | C) | a root cap |
| | D) | leaf primordia |
| | E) | an internode |
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52 | |
What will the cells of the shoot apical meristem become? |
| | A) | root cap |
| | B) | root hairs |
| | C) | root |
| | D) | stem and leaves |
| | E) | endodermis |
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53 | |
In temperate zones, what protects a terminal bud on a stem during the winter? |
| | A) | axillary buds |
| | B) | bark |
| | C) | bud scales |
| | D) | bud cap |
| | E) | root cap |
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54 | |
Axillary buds are found between the stem and the leaves and may give rise to branch shoots. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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55 | |
All mature herbaceous stems exhibit both primary and secondary growth. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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56 | |
Which of the following will be responsible for primary growth in plants? |
| | A) | vascular cambium |
| | B) | cork cambium |
| | C) | apical meristem |
| | D) | endodermis |
| | E) | Casparian strip |
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57 | |
Primary growth allows for growth in length of a stem whereas secondary growth allows a stem to increase in girth. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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58 | |
Which of the following tissues is NOT present in a vascular bundle in the stem? |
| | A) | xylem |
| | B) | phloem |
| | C) | vascular cambium |
| | D) | epidermis |
| | E) | cork |
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59 | |
Which of the following tissues will divide to eventually form the secondary xylem and the secondary phloem? |
| | A) | vascular cambium |
| | B) | cork cambium |
| | C) | apical meristem |
| | D) | terminal bud |
| | E) | axillary bud |
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60 | |
Each vascular bundle in a stem contains meristematic cells located ______ . |
| | A) | outside the phloem |
| | B) | outside the xylem |
| | C) | between the xylem and the phloem |
| | D) | inside the xylem |
| | E) | inside the phloem |
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61 | |
What makes cork cells waterproof? |
| | A) | They are impregnated with suberin. |
| | B) | They are impregnated with the Casparian strip. |
| | C) | They are dead cells. |
| | D) | They have sieve plates that allow water to drain to the outside. |
| | E) | They secrete oil that protects the outer surface. |
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62 | |
Dead cork allows gas exchange in loosely arranged cells called ______. |
| | A) | guard cells |
| | B) | lenticels |
| | C) | root hairs |
| | D) | terminal buds |
| | E) | xylem |
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63 | |
What will the cork cambium produce in a woody dicot plant? |
| | A) | xylem |
| | B) | phloem |
| | C) | cork |
| | D) | pith |
| | E) | vascular bundle |
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64 | |
Which type of meristematic tissue is located between the bark and the wood of a woody stem? |
| | A) | sclerenchyma cells |
| | B) | pericycle |
| | C) | apical meristem |
| | D) | cork cambium |
| | E) | vascular cambium |
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65 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about a dicot woody stem? |
| | A) | A dicot woody stem has a different organization than a dicot herbaceous stem. |
| | B) | A dicot woody stem has distinct vascular bundles. |
| | C) | A dicot woody stem is composed of the bark, the wood, and the pith. |
| | D) | Vascular cambium occurs between the bark and the wood. |
| | E) | The bark contains cork, cork cambium, and phloem. |
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66 | |
The three distinct areas of bark include the ______. |
| | A) | vascular cambium, cork cambium, and apical meristem |
| | B) | cork, cork cambium, and phloem |
| | C) | wood, pith, and vascular cambium |
| | D) | bark, wood, and pith |
| | E) | bark, wood, and cork |
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67 | |
The vascular cambium cells divide in a plane perpendicular to the surface of the tree, and this causes a tree to increase in girth. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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68 | |
The growth rings of a tree are composed of secondary xylem. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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69 | |
By counting the annual rings of a leaf, you can tell the age of a tree. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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70 | |
Annual rings in trees show that the xylem elements formed in the spring are larger than those formed in the summer. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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71 | |
In large trees, only the secondary xylem produced that year, called ______, functions in water transport. |
| | A) | heartwood |
| | B) | spring wood |
| | C) | bark |
| | D) | pith |
| | E) | phloem |
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72 | |
Resins, gums, and other substances may plug in large trees the older inner part, called ______ . |
| | A) | heartwood |
| | B) | spring wood |
| | C) | bark |
| | D) | summer wood |
| | E) | sapwood |
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73 | |
______ are the organs of photosynthesis in flowering plants. |
| | A) | Roots |
| | B) | Root hairs |
| | C) | Stems |
| | D) | Vascular cylinders |
| | E) | Leaves |
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74 | |
Which of the following structures is NOT found in a leaf? |
| | A) | blade |
| | B) | petiole |
| | C) | leaf primordia |
| | D) | veins |
| | E) | guard cells |
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75 | |
Which structure in a leaf transports both water and nutrients to and from the leaves? |
| | A) | petiole |
| | B) | palisade mesophyll |
| | C) | spongy mesophyll |
| | D) | leaf veins |
| | E) | guard cells |
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76 | |
The top and bottom part of a dicot, temperate-zone leaf is called the ______ . |
| | A) | epidermis |
| | B) | guard cells |
| | C) | palisade mesophyll |
| | D) | spongy mesophyll |
| | E) | leaf vein |
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77 | |
Which part of a leaf prevents a leaf from drying out as well as preventing gas exchange? |
| | A) | stomates |
| | B) | guard cells |
| | C) | spongy mesophyll |
| | D) | palisade mesophyll |
| | E) | cuticle |
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78 | |
Where are the stomates usually found on a leaf? |
| | A) | palisade mesophyll |
| | B) | spongy mesophyll |
| | C) | upper epidermis |
| | D) | lower epidermis |
| | E) | vein |
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79 | |
Which part of a leaf has irregular cells bounded by air spaces? |
| | A) | palisade mesophyll |
| | B) | spongy mesophyll |
| | C) | upper epidermis |
| | D) | lower epidermis |
| | E) | cuticle |
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80 | |
Which part(s) of a leaf carries on most of the photosynthesis? |
| | A) | palisade and spongy mesophyll |
| | B) | upper epidermis |
| | C) | lower epidermis |
| | D) | cuticle |
| | E) | vein |
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81 | |
Which part of a leaf allows gases to move into and out of the leaf? |
| | A) | palisade and spongy mesophyll |
| | B) | upper epidermis |
| | C) | cuticle |
| | D) | stomates |
| | E) | vein |
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82 | |
Each stomate has three guard cells, which regulate its opening and closing on the upper epidermis of a leaf. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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83 | |
Which of the following is correctly matched? |
| | A) | onion--bulb |
| | B) | potato--tuber |
| | C) | gladiolus--corm |
| | D) | strawberry runner--stolon |
| | E) | All of the above are correct. |
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84 | |
Which tissue in a plant transports water from the roots up to the leaves? |
| | A) | phloem |
| | B) | xylem |
| | C) | pith |
| | D) | cortex |
| | E) | bark |
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85 | |
The loss of water from a leaf by evaporation is called ______. |
| | A) | transpiration |
| | B) | translocation |
| | C) | cohesion |
| | D) | active transport |
| | E) | photoperiodism |
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86 | |
The movement of water from the roots to the leaves is best explained by the ______ . |
| | A) | active transport |
| | B) | transpiration-translocation theory |
| | C) | pressure-flow theory |
| | D) | cohesion-tension theory |
| | E) | osmosis |
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87 | |
The cohesion-tension theory helps to explain how the phloem moves nutrients.
Responses: |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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88 | |
Transpiration creates a pushing effect, which forces a column of water up from the roots to the leaves. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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89 | |
Which of the following cells listed below form(s) a completely hollow pipeline from the roots to the leaves? |
| | A) | sieve-tube cells |
| | B) | tracheids |
| | C) | vessel elements |
| | D) | sieve-tube cells |
| | E) | companion cells |
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90 | |
Which of the following is NOT a factor that allows water to rise in plants? |
| | A) | atmospheric pressure |
| | B) | cohesion of water molecules |
| | C) | transpiration |
| | D) | active transport of sugar into/out of sieve-tube cells |
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91 | |
What causes water to fill the xylem pipeline completely, from the roots to the leaves, and to resist any separation? |
| | A) | atmospheric pressure |
| | B) | cohesion of water molecules |
| | C) | transpiration |
| | D) | active transport of sugar into/out of phloem cells |
| | E) | passive transport of sugar into/out of phloem cells |
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92 | |
The ability of water molecules to cling together is called ______ . |
| | A) | evaporation |
| | B) | transpiration |
| | C) | respiration |
| | D) | cohesion |
| | E) | osmotic pressure |
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93 | |
Which of the following creates a pull on water, thereby drawing water up the vessel elements from the roots to the leaves? |
| | A) | atmospheric pressure |
| | B) | cohesion of water molecules |
| | C) | transpiration |
| | D) | active transport of sugar into/out of phloem cells |
| | E) | passive transport of sugar into/out of phloem cells |
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94 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about water movement in a plant? |
| | A) | Much of the water that escapes from the leaf does so at the stomates. |
| | B) | Water molecules are cohesive due to covalent bonding between the water molecules causing them to cling together. |
| | C) | Tension created by transpiration is only effective because of the cohesive property of water. |
| | D) | Cohesion causes water to fill the xylem pipeline completely and to resist any separation. |
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95 | |
Xylem only transports water from the roots to the leaves. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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96 | |
When guard cells take up water, the stomate opens. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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97 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct in regard to photosynthesis? |
| | A) | When stomates are open, carbon dioxide exits the leaf. |
| | B) | When stomates are open, water exits the leaf. |
| | C) | When a plant is water stressed, the stomates close to conserve water. |
| | D) | Photosynthesis ceases when the stomates close. |
| | E) | Photosynthesis requires an especially abundant supply of water for transpiration to occur. |
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98 | |
Stomates are more likely to be open during the night and closed during the day. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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99 | |
Which of the following factors does NOT play a critical role in the opening and closing of the stomates in a leaf? |
| | A) | ATP |
| | B) | glucose |
| | C) | potassium ions |
| | D) | water |
| | E) | structure of inner guard cell wall |
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100 | |
Which process is used to transport potassium ions into the guard cells? |
| | A) | filtration |
| | B) | diffusion |
| | C) | osmosis |
| | D) | active transport |
| | E) | passive transport |
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101 | |
Which process is used by the guard cells to take up water? |
| | A) | filtration |
| | B) | diffusion |
| | C) | osmosis |
| | D) | active transport |
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102 | |
What ion moves into the guard cell to cause the stomates to open? |
| | A) | calcium |
| | B) | magnesium |
| | C) | chlorine |
| | D) | sodium |
| | E) | potassium |
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103 | |
When guard cells take up water, they ______ . |
| | A) | buckle in from their region of attachment and the stomate opens |
| | B) | buckle out from their region of attachment and the stomate opens |
| | C) | buckle in from their region of attachment and the stomate closes |
| | D) | buckle out from their region of attachment and the stomate closes |
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104 | |
A stomate closes when ______ . |
| | A) | potassium ions and water move out of the guard cells |
| | B) | potassium ions and water move into the guard cells |
| | C) | potassium ions move out but water moves into the guard cells |
| | D) | potassium ions move into but water moves out of the guard cells |
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105 | |
Carbon dioxide enters a leaf through the ______ . |
| | A) | xylem |
| | B) | phloem |
| | C) | stomates in the lower epidermis |
| | D) | stomates in the upper epidermis |
| | E) | root hairs |
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106 | |
Which vascular tissue in a plant transports sugar? |
| | A) | phloem |
| | B) | xylem |
| | C) | pith |
| | D) | cortex |
| | E) | vascular cambium |
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107 | |
The movement of organic substances in phloem is termed the ______. |
| | A) | cohesion theory |
| | B) | osmosis model |
| | C) | active transport |
| | D) | transpiration |
| | E) | pressure-flow model |
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108 | |
Which type of phloem cell is used in moving the products of photosynthesis in a plant? |
| | A) | sieve-tube cell |
| | B) | companion cell |
| | C) | vessel element cell |
| | D) | tracheid |
| | E) | guard cell |
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109 | |
Which phloem cell has a nucleus that helps the other phloem cell to perform its translocation function? |
| | A) | sieve-tube cell |
| | B) | companion cell |
| | C) | vessel element cell |
| | D) | tracheid |
| | E) | guard cell |
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110 | |
Which insect can be used to collect phloem sap for analysis? |
| | A) | cockroaches |
| | B) | ants |
| | C) | aphids |
| | D) | moths |
| | E) | beetles |
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111 | |
Which part of a plant is the major source of sugar during the growing season? |
| | A) | leaves |
| | B) | petiole |
| | C) | stem |
| | D) | bark |
| | E) | root |
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112 | |
Which of the following organic molecules is actively transported into the sieve-tube cells? |
| | A) | lipids |
| | B) | proteins |
| | C) | salts |
| | D) | nucleic acids |
| | E) | sugars |
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113 | |
Which molecule will build up in the sieve-tube cells to create pressure, which starts a flow of phloem sap? |
| | A) | salt |
| | B) | water |
| | C) | sugar |
| | D) | protein |
| | E) | lipid |
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114 | |
Sugar will be actively transported out of the sieve-tube cells found in the ______ . |
| | A) | leaves |
| | B) | petioles |
| | C) | stems |
| | D) | roots |
| | E) | bark |
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115 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the pressure-flow theory? |
| | A) | At the leaf, sugar is actively transported into the phloem, and water follows by osmosis. |
| | B) | Higher pressure is found in the sieve-tube cells at the leaf than at the root. |
| | C) | Sugar concentration is higher in the sieve-tube cells of the leaf than in the root. |
| | D) | At the root, sugar is actively transported out of the sieve-tube cells, and water follows by osmosis. |
| | E) | Phloem sap flows from the leaves (sink) to the roots (source). |
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