 |
1 | |
At the end of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman empire, Russian empire, Qing dynasty, and Tokugawa Japan were "societies at crossroads" because |
| | A) | they were all dealing with the challenges of rapid industrialization. |
| | B) | they discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the western powers. |
| | C) | they were all forced to grant equal rights and political freedom to their people. |
| | D) | they were all competing for the same colonies and resources. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
|
|
2 | |
The Ottoman military had declined by the nineteenth century because |
| | A) | the Janissaries corps was more interested in palace intrigues than in military training. |
| | B) | the Janissaries resisted all efforts to modernize the army. |
| | C) | many provincial rulers had private mercenary armies. |
| | D) | Ottoman forces carried outmoded equipment. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
|
|
3 | |
By 1913, all of the following provinces gained either independence or autonomy from Ottoman control except |
| | A) | Anatolia. |
| | B) | Egypt. |
| | C) | Greece. |
| | D) | Serbia. |
| | E) | All of the above gained independence. |
|
|
4 | |
The "capitulations" were humiliating concessions to the west that |
| | A) | allowed western powers to establish spheres of influence within Ottoman territory. |
| | B) | forbade the manufacture of cotton cloth and obliged Ottomans to buy textiles from Britain. |
| | C) | held European citizens exempt from Ottoman laws and taxes. |
| | D) | restricted the exchange of technology and prevented the emergence of domestic industry in the Ottoman empire. |
| | E) | permitted unrestricted traffic in and out of the Black Sea. |
|
|
5 | |
The most significant achievement of the sultan Mahmud II was |
| | A) | creation of a system of primary education. |
| | B) | legal emancipation of women. |
| | C) | creation of a modern army. |
| | D) | creation of a legislative assembly. |
| | E) | reconquest of Egypt. |
|
|
6 | |
Tanzimat legal reforms included all of the following rights except |
| | A) | equality before the law for all subjects. |
| | B) | public trials in civil courts. |
| | C) | right to privacy. |
| | D) | women’s right to sue for divorce. |
| | E) | All of the above are Tansimat legal reforms. |
|
|
7 | |
Which of the Young Turk proposals caused the most dissension in the empire? |
| | A) | Turkish as the official language of the empire. |
| | B) | equality before the law. |
| | C) | free public education. |
| | D) | freedom of religion. |
| | E) | universal suffrage. |
|
|
8 | |
The Russian empire was defeated in the Crimean War because |
| | A) | the Ottoman army was superior in arms and training. |
| | B) | Britain and France joined forces to prevent Russian expansion into the Ottoman empire. |
| | C) | Russian troops mutinied and demanded a new constitution. |
| | D) | the people of the Balkan Peninsula resisted Russian advances. |
| | E) | the Russian troops were inadequately supplied. |
|
|
9 | |
The emancipation of Russian serfs in 1861 |
| | A) | was achieved at the tsar’s insistence. |
| | B) | was intended to avert a revolution. |
| | C) | brought freedom but few political rights for the peasants. |
| | D) | did not significantly increase agricultural production. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
|
|
10 | |
Which of the following was not part of Count Witte’s policy of industrialization? |
| | A) | construction of the trans-Siberian railroad. |
| | B) | banking reform to encourage domestic savings and investment. |
| | C) | protective tariffs to support emerging Russian industries. |
| | D) | nationalization of key industries such as coal and steel. |
| | E) | promotion of foreign investment in Russian industry. |
|
|
11 | |
The Russian intelligentsia promoted terrorism as a strategy for political reform because |
| | A) | their attempts at more peaceful reform were crushed by the tsarist authorities. |
| | B) | Tsar Alexander II refused to consider any reform measures. |
| | C) | socialists elsewhere in Europe had found assassination to be an effective way to make their case to the public. |
| | D) | they were affiliated with Zionists, who advocated the use of terrorism when necessary. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
|
|
12 | |
Which of the following could not be considered a contributing cause of the Russian Revolution of 1905? |
| | A) | the lack of a representative legislative body. |
| | B) | the defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese war. |
| | C) | the Bloody Sunday massacre. |
| | D) | the government’s failure to address the inequities of land ownership. |
| | E) | All of the above are factors in the Revolution of 1905. |
|
|
13 | |
The British insisted on their right to trade opium with China because |
| | A) | they were unaware of the social and health risks of opium addiction. |
| | B) | it was the only trade good that they could sell in China at a profit. |
| | C) | they planned to weaken the Chinese people with opium and then take over the Chinese economy. |
| | D) | they argued that opium was only a fraction of the volume of trade delivered to China. |
| | E) | the Chinese government had welcomed the opium trade in earlier times. |
|
|
14 | |
Which of the following was not a provision of the treaty of Nanjing in 1842? |
| | A) | Britain gained control of Hong Kong Island. |
| | B) | British merchants gained the right to conduct the opium trade unimpeded. |
| | C) | Chinese ports were open to foreign trade and residence. |
| | D) | Christian missionaries were permitted to come into China. |
| | E) | Japan gained control of the island of Taiwan. |
|
|
15 | |
The Taiping rebellion was defeated when |
| | A) | the dowager empress imprisoned the emperor and ended the hundred-days reforms. |
| | B) | Nanjing was defeated by a combined force of imperial and European soldiers. |
| | C) | the dowager empress died, leaving a two-year-old child as emperor. |
| | D) | the British seized the Grand Canal and cut off north-south trade in the empire. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
|
|
16 | |
In China, a "sphere of influence" was |
| | A) | a city designated for trade between Chinese and European merchants. |
| | B) | a Christian mission where Chinese converts could live free of state persecution. |
| | C) | a district in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights. |
| | D) | a tributary state beyond the borders of the empire that paid taxes to the Qing dynasty in exchange for protection. |
| | E) | a state-sponsored academy based on European science. |
|
|
17 | |
The Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown because |
| | A) | the Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by Commodore Perry. |
| | B) | the samurai were in debt to the merchant class. |
| | C) | the emperor had failed in his obligations to protect the Japanese people. |
| | D) | the daimyo led a tax revolt. |
| | E) | Japanese merchants wanted more access to western goods and technology. |
|
|
18 | |
The success of the Meiji restoration depended on destroying the power of |
| | A) | the daimyo and samurai classes. |
| | B) | the emperor and his court. |
| | C) | the Japanese military. |
| | D) | the independent merchants. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
|
|
19 | |
The capital for the early industrialization of Meiji Japan came primarily from |
| | A) | the export of textile products. |
| | B) | land taxes. |
| | C) | commercial taxes. |
| | D) | private investors. |
| | E) | foreign investors. |
|
|
20 | |
Which of the following was not a provision of the Meiji constitution? |
| | A) | Japan became a constitutional monarchy. |
| | B) | The right to vote was based on property qualifications. |
| | C) | The emperor could disregard the recommendations of the Diet. |
| | D) | The lower classes were represented in the lower chamber of the Diet. |
| | E) | Individual rights were affirmed but made secondary to the needs of the state. |
|
2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education