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1 | |
Nineteenth-century empires differed from earlier empires because |
| | A) | the modern empires did not require payment of tributes. |
| | B) | modern empires provided a vehicle for advancement for colonial peoples. |
| | C) | modern empires were able to thoroughly dominate the economies of their colonies. |
| | D) | most imperial powers permitted traditional rulers to remain in power. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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2 | |
Which of the following was not an economic motivation for imperialism? |
| | A) | Cheap raw materials from overseas colonies were needed to sustain industrialization. |
| | B) | Overseas colonies offered markets for manufactured goods. |
| | C) | Overseas colonies offered a haven for the settlement of surplus populations. |
| | D) | European and American industry needed more sources of coal. |
| | E) | All were economic motives for imperialism. |
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3 | |
The “white man’s burden” proposed by Rudyard Kipling refers to |
| | A) | the cost of creating and supporting an empire. |
| | B) | the moral duty of the west to work to “civilize” the rest of the world. |
| | C) | the cost of abolishing slavery in Africa. |
| | D) | the need for Christian missionaries to undermine Islam in Africa and Asia. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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4 | |
All of the following improved communication between India and Britain except |
| | A) | the completion of the Panama Canal. |
| | B) | the use of steamships. |
| | C) | the invention of the telegraph. |
| | D) | the laying of submarine cables. |
| | E) | All of the above improved communication between India and Britain. |
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5 | |
The battle of Omdurman clearly demonstrated that |
| | A) | Europeans were morally superior to Africans. |
| | B) | Japan had become a major world power. |
| | C) | European troops with modern weapons could subdue a vast native army. |
| | D) | Britain had fallen behind Germany by the end of the nineteenth century. |
| | E) | None of the above |
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6 | |
The Mughal dynasty fell primarily because |
| | A) | the state had been weakened by conflicts during the reign of Aurangzeb. |
| | B) | the East India Company established powerful, coastal trading forts. |
| | C) | British merchants gained access to interior territories. |
| | D) | the sepoy rebellion failed to drive the British out of India. |
| | E) | All of the above |
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7 | |
Under British imperial rule, India was governed |
| | A) | as a private colony of Queen Victoria. |
| | B) | as an independent sovereign state, but subject to British authority in foreign affairs. |
| | C) | as the private domain of the East India Company. |
| | D) | indirectly, by a British viceroy working in collaboration with Indian princes. |
| | E) | directly, with British bureaucrats and officers overseeing Indian civil servants and soldiers. |
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8 | |
One social goal of the British authorities in India was to |
| | A) | abolish the caste system. |
| | B) | establish a system of public education. |
| | C) | convert the local population to Christianity. |
| | D) | abolish the custom of burning widows with their husbands’ bodies. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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9 | |
Unlike the British in India, the French in Indochina |
| | A) | encouraged conversion to Christianity. |
| | B) | recruited local peoples into their colonial army. |
| | C) | worked closely with local elites. |
| | D) | promoted domestic industries. |
| | E) | had no obvious racial bias. |
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10 | |
The colonization of the Belgian Congo is noted for |
| | A) | the spirited resistance of the Congolese people. |
| | B) | the brutal treatment of the Congolese people by King Leopold II. |
| | C) | a policy of free trade that encouraged merchants from all countries. |
| | D) | the humane policies of the Belgian government toward the Congolese people. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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11 | |
By 1800, the Dutch Afrikaners in South Africa had established |
| | A) | a prosperous trading center affiliated with the Dutch East India Company. |
| | B) | a diverse economy based on both farming and mining. |
| | C) | an independent and sovereign nation, the only European state in Africa. |
| | D) | a settler colony based on slavery and white supremacy. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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12 | |
The Berlin Conference in 1884–1885 established |
| | A) | the procedures for purchasing African lands from local rulers. |
| | B) | the rules of military engagement for European forces overseas. |
| | C) | that the Americas were off-limits for further European colonization. |
| | D) | that Africa would be carved into spheres of influence similar to China. |
| | E) | that, if a European power indicated its intention to colonize and then proceeded to occupy an African territory, it could claim that colony. |
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13 | |
Why had most European governments abandoned concessionary companies in Africa by the early twentieth century? |
| | A) | The companies provoked rebellion, and the governments had to come to their defense. |
| | B) | The companies became so profitable that the governments decided to take over management of the colonies. |
| | C) | The companies became so powerful that they threatened to break away from the mother country. |
| | D) | The brutal use of forced African labor by companies provoked a public outcry in Europe. |
| | E) | None of the above. |
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14 | |
One striking difference between the British and the French imperial models in Africa is that |
| | A) | the British preferred to use local institutions to control subject populations. |
| | B) | the French preferred to employ local rulers to govern their colonies. |
| | C) | the British established schools and academies to train African civil servants to run their colonies, while the French did not. |
| | D) | many more British citizens relocated to Africa to administer their colonies than did French citizens. |
| | E) | the British actively sought to convert Africans to Christianity while the French did not. |
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15 | |
Which of the following is not true about the settlement of Australia? |
| | A) | The British defined the continent as land belonging to no one. |
| | B) | The first settlers were mostly convicts, banished from Britain. |
| | C) | Smallpox and measles reduced the aboriginal populations by 86 percent. |
| | D) | Australia became a multicultural society, drawing settlers from all over the Pacific. |
| | E) | Settlement increased significantly after the discovery of gold. |
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16 | |
The scramble for Pacific island colonies in the late nineteenth century was motivated by |
| | A) | the desire for the tropical produce. |
| | B) | the need to defend the whaling industry. |
| | C) | concerns about the Japanese expansion to nearby islands. |
| | D) | the desire for strategic ports and refueling stations in the Pacific Ocean. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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17 | |
In the early twentieth century the United States frequently sent troops into Central America |
| | A) | to establish American colonies there. |
| | B) | to protect American business interests there. |
| | C) | to support democratic movements in that part of the world. |
| | D) | to protect the security of the Panama Canal. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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18 | |
The United States acquired Hawaii by |
| | A) | secretly sponsoring a rebellion against the Hawaiian monarchy. |
| | B) | a purchase treaty with the Hawaiian people. |
| | C) | seizing the islands by force in order to provide a naval base in the Pacific. |
| | D) | purchasing the islands from Spain in the wake of the Spanish-American War. |
| | E) | annexing the islands after American planters had overthrown the monarchy. |
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19 | |
Japanese imperial expansion in the late nineteenth century was primarily motivated by |
| | A) | the need for land for settlement by a growing population. |
| | B) | the need for raw materials for industrialization. |
| | C) | resentment at the unequal treaties forced on them by the United States. |
| | D) | a long-standing rivalry between China and Japan. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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20 | |
Which of the following would not be typical of labor migration patterns in the age of empire? |
| | A) | Chinese migrants to plantations in Cuba. |
| | B) | German migrants to plantations in the Congo. |
| | C) | Indian migrants to plantations in the Caribbean. |
| | D) | Irish migrants to factories and railroads in the United States. |
| | E) | Japanese migrants to plantations in Hawaii. |
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21 | |
British rule undermined the Indian cotton industry by |
| | A) | undercutting the cost of Indian cloth with cheap British textiles. |
| | B) | forbidding the manufacture of cotton cloth in India. |
| | C) | imposing tariffs on cotton cloth into India. |
| | D) | imposing tariffs on cotton cloth shipped from India to Britain. |
| | E) | monopolistic practices by the East India Company. |
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22 | |
Colonial rule dramatically altered the environment in which of the following places? |
| | A) | Burma, due to rubber production. |
| | B) | Ceylon, due to tea production. |
| | C) | the Congo, due to rubber production. |
| | D) | Sumatra, due to rubber production. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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23 | |
Proponents of “scientific racism” argued that |
| | A) | race could be biologically defined and characterized. |
| | B) | western dominance was justified on the basis on racial superiority. |
| | C) | the theories of Charles Darwin supported world dominance by the “fittest” races. |
| | D) | people of European decent were morally superior to other races. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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24 | |
Pressure for reform in British India came from |
| | A) | educated Indians seeking self-rule. |
| | B) | educated Indian women seeking greater independence. |
| | C) | Indian Muslims seeking independence from the Hindu majority. |
| | D) | Indian peasants and workers mobilized into unions. |
| | E) | enlightened British rulers who felt that India was ready for self-government. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education