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Traditions and Encounters, 2/e

Jerry H. Bentley, University of Hawai'i
Herbert F. Ziegler, University of Hawai'i

THE RETREAT FROM EMPIRE

Multiple Choice


1	Mohandas Gandhi was assassinated by
		A)	a Muslim extremist.
		B)	a Hindu extremist.
		C)	a British nationalist.
		D)	a disgruntled follower.
		E)	a Brahmin.


2	Gandhi and Nehru opposed the partition of India because
		A)	it would leave Hindu India surrounded by Muslim states.
		B)	it would deprive India of some of its most valuable land.
		C)	they mistrusted Muhammad Ali and the Muslim League.
		D)	they believed that India could be a successful multicultural state.
		E)	all of the above.


3	India and Pakistan soon went to war over
		A)	Bangladesh.
		B)	Bengal.
		C)	Kashmir.
		D)	the Punjab.
		E)	the Indus River Valley.


4	The nonalignment movement failed because
		A)	of a lack of vision or leadership among member states.
		B)	too few states attended the Bandung Conference to achieve consensus.
		C)	many nonaligned states needed and accepted aid from either the United States or Soviet Union.
		D)	many new states were afraid to alienate the United States.
		E)	all of the above.


5	A Geneva peace conference regarding Vietnam in 1954 determined
		A)	that France had no further jurisdiction in Vietnam.
		B)	that Vietnam would be temporarily divided at the 17th parallel.
		C)	that Ho Chi Minh and the communists would have control of North Vietnam.
		D)	that democratic elections would be held as soon as possible.
		E)	all of the above.


6	The Balfour Declaration of 1917 promised that Palestine would
		A)	become a homeland for immigrant Jews.
		B)	continue as a homeland to the resident Arab Muslims.
		C)	remain a British protectorate indefinitely.
		D)	be partitioned into distinct Arab and Jewish zones.
		E)	have elections to determine its future.


7	Britain withdrew from Palestine in 1947 because
		A)	their mandate had ended.
		B)	they could not resolve the conflict between Palestinians and Jews.
		C)	the United Nations demanded that they leave.
		D)	the Arab states demanded that they leave.
		E)	all of the above.


8	Since the creation of Israel, Israel has fought and defeated all of the following neighboring states except
		A)	Egypt.
		B)	Iraq.
		C)	Jordan.
		D)	Syria.
		E)	Israel has defeated all of the above.


9	Egyptian president Gamel Abdel Nasser gained great international prestige when
		A)	he negotiated a peace settlement with Israel.
		B)	he succeeded in retaking the Suez Canal from the British.
		C)	he aligned Egypt with the United States.
		D)	he aligned Egypt with the Soviet Union.
		E)	he reclaimed the Sinai Peninsula from Israel.


10	The French fought to retain Algeria because
		A)	they refused to be intimidated by terrorists.
		B)	Algeria provided valuable mineral resouces.
		C)	there were two million French settlers in Algeria.
		D)	President Charles de Gaulle had dreams of a restored French empire.
		E)	all of the above.


11	One principle that the newly independent states of Africa soon agreed on was
		A)	the political boundaries inherited from colonialism could not be changed.
		B)	nonalignment in the cold war.
		C)	full civil rights for all ethnic minorities.
		D)	a commitment to democratic governments.
		E)	a commitment to peaceful coexistence.


12	Conflicts between native Kikuyu and British settlers intensified in Kenya after World War II because
		A)	white settlers had seized the best farmlands for years.
		B)	Kikuyu had been crowded onto tribal reserves.
		C)	the British were unable to distinguish between peaceful political protest and violent actions.
		D)	all of the above.
		E)	none of the above.


13	As a result of the Cultural Revolution in China,
		A)	the educated elite were persecuted, and China was deprived of their talent.
		B)	peasant farmers killed so many sparrows that the ecological balance was thrown off.
		C)	student demonstrators in Tiananmen Square were crushed by government troops.
		D)	the nation achieved industrialization within a generation.
		E)	the Red Guard was discredited.


14	Under the leadership of Den Xiaoping,
		A)	China experienced significant economic reforms but maintained its authoritarian political system.
		B)	China continued to practice centralized economic planning but eased restrictions on political and personal freedom.
		C)	the policies of Chairman Mao came under intense criticism.
		D)	China gradually became more democratic and adopted a market economy.
		E)	China became more isolationist, restricting all contacts with the outside world.


15	Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated because
		A)	she pursued aggressive birth control policies.
		B)	she permitted an attack on Sikh extremists at the sacred Golden Temple.
		C)	she refused to consider the partition of Kashmir.
		D)	she insisted that untouchables be fully integrated into Indian society.
		E)	she suspended the constitution for two years and ruled without being elected.


16	Which of the following is not a reason that Arab nationalism failed to materialize?
		A)	Some Arabs are Shia and some Sunni Muslims.
		B)	Some Arab states aligned with the United States and some with the Soviet Union.
		C)	They did not all agree on the status of Israel.
		D)	They did not share a common language and culture.
		E)	All the above are reasons for the failure of Arab nationalism.


17	The regime of the Iranian Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlazi was overthrown because
		A)	he alienated conservative Shia Muslims with his secular reforms.
		B)	he used CIA money to suppress all dissent.
		C)	he allowed western corporations to dominate the economy.
		D)	All of the above.
		E)	a and b, not c.


18	Compared to Mexico, Argentina has been
		A)	unable to maintain a stable democracy.
		B)	relatively free from military dictatorships.
		C)	unable to break free from its economic dependence on Europe.
		D)	less successful at redistributing land equitably to the peasants.
		E)	less influenced by the Catholic church.


19	In both Guatemala and Nicaragua in the 1950s and 1960s,
		A)	American aid resulted in widespread popular support for the United States.
		B)	the United States supported liberal revolutions against military dictatorships.
		C)	the United States supported military dictatorships that were anticommunist.
		D)	the United States insisted on human rights as a precondition for aid.
		E)	the United States conducted an anti-drug war.


20	Apartheid ended in South Africa because
		A)	the African National Congress became radicalized and more politically active after the Sharpeville massacre.
		B)	the international community imposed economic sanctions against South Africa.
		C)	President de Klerk convinced his party to dismantle the system and hold free elections.
		D)	the African National Congress provided a vehicle for resistance.
		E)	all of the above.

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